Psychology free essay sample

While earlier, used editions may be available in the campus bookstore, and differences between the two versions are relatively minor, you do so at your own risk. *Note that we have placed 2 copies of the text on reserve at the Data Porter Library (24 hour loan period). A link to access the course reserves appears on the course web site (below). Course Description and Objectives This is an introductory course in psychology, which meaner that we will be covering all areas of psychology in the course. It is designed to introduce you to the field of psychology as a whole, and to the major theories and findings in the discipline. The course is designed so that you can meet the following objectives: 1 . Become familiar with the broad range of topics that make up the discipline of psychology. 2. Become familiar with the methods of investigation used in psychology, and the strengths and limitations of these methods. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. Develop an understanding of the vocabulary and concepts of psychology that will allow you to study further in advanced courses or through independent reading. 4. Develop the ability to relate the findings of psychological research to your life and to important issues in our society and the world at large. . Think critically about your preconceptions of what psychology is so you can become an informed consumer of psychological information (in the media, Journals, etc ) Course Website (http://learn. Outerwear. Ca): The course website will include reprint slides shown in lectures, the course syllabus and any announcements. You will also be able to check your grades on the course website. The Powering slides will be posted at least 24 hours before lecture, as many students prefer to take notes directly on the slides. That said, having the slides will not replace regularly attending lectures. Attendance is critical for success n this course. Course Content: You will be responsible for materials from two sources in this course: the lectures and the textbook. 20% of exam questions will come exclusively from lecture materials, while 20% will come exclusively from the textbook. The remaining 60% of questions will come from materials that were covered both in lectures and in the textbook. To do well in this course it is necessary to both attend lectures and keep up with the assigned textbook readings. Questions and Contacting the Instructors: The greatest disadvantage of a course this size (250+ students) is the minimal umber of individual interactions you will have with your instructors. We strongly encourage you ask questions in class/after class or to come to our office hours with questions. If you have questions about: * Content: Please direct them to the relevant instructor (see schedule below) or to teaching assistants. * Missed tests: Please contact teaching assistants. * Course website problems: Please contact teaching assistants. * Questions about exams/assignments: Please contact teaching assistants. Other inquiries: Please contact teaching assistants. COURSE REQUIREMENTS GRADING Requirements Tests (32% each): You will take three in-class multiple-choice tests during the semester. The tests will cover material that is presented in the text and in lectures. The tests will not be cumulative. There will not be a final exam. In general, there will be no make-up tests, but i n cases of severe illness or other extenuating circumstances a make-up test will be offered. Given the size of the class written documentation will be required for any make-up test. It is also required that you contact a TA within 72 hours, with your written documentation, to schedule the make- up test. Make-up exams will not occur more than one week after the original exam date. There will also be an optional application paper (see below). 2. Application Paper (Optional 32%): You have the option to write a short paper (1000 to 1500 words in length). In this paper, you will find 1-3 examples of popular media (e. G. News stories, books, blobs, movies, etc ) and analyses them using at least one of the psychological concepts you have learned in this course. This can be anything from a news article about relations between Israel and Palestine to a blob entry about a social issue to a particular characters behavior in a movie or novel. You Just need three referencesone can be the textbook, a second should be from a psychological Journal, and finally you need to reference the media you are analyzing. You are strongly encouraged to contact either the Tats or the instructors with your ideas for the paper before writing it. You will receive specific instructions for this assignment in class. It will be due on Tuesday November 26th by 1 1 :55 pm. There will be no extensions for this assignment and you are encouraged to submit it well before the due date. Your mark on this paper may be used to replace the grade of your lowest mid-term. In the event that your mark on this optional assignment is lower than your mid-term marks, your mid-term marks will not be changed. 3. Psychological experiments/studies you participate in/article reviews (4% + 2% bonus): During the term, you will have opportunities to participate in studies that are being conducted by University of Waterloo researchers. See the description below. Your participation is voluntary. During the first three weeks of our course, there will be a Mass Testing Questionnaire that can be completed on the web. This will count as one research participation credit. You can earn up to 2 additional percentage points in the class by participating in other experiments. Please note that you do not have to participate in experiments/studies if you dont want to. Alternatively (or in addition), you may write up short reviews of articles that are relevant to psychology. Articles that you review must be serious (e. G. A news report of a study that has genuine relevance to psychology) rather than frivolous. You must check with a TA about the appropriateness of any article that you are thinking about summarizing. You may use the sheet at the end of the course outline to guide he writing of your summary. Please turn it in with the summary. In addition, you may not summarize any of the articles that you are using for your application paper or the article s in the Scientific American reader. You complete a total of 4 research participations in any combination of mass testing questionnaire, experimental participation and article summaries (e. . , 2 experimental participations + completing the mass testing questionnaire + 1 article summary; or 3 experimental participations + mass testing questionnaire) for normal course credit. Each hour of research participation/summary/mass testing questionnaire will be worth 1% of your grade for a total of 4%. In addition, I will allow you to participate in two additional hours of experiments (or article summaries) for an additional 1% extra credit for each. So theoretically, you could earn a mark of 102%. There will be no other opportunities to earn extra credit?I cannot grant any special requests for extra credit.

What Would Mark Zuckerbergs Resume Look Like if Facebook Failed

What Would Mark Zuckerbergs Resume Look Like if Facebook Failed We all spend so much time fretting about what is and what is not on our resumes. We also spend a great deal of time idolizing tech billionaires and entrepreneurs who went an unorthodox route and really made career magic happen for themselves. But what does a carefree, â€Å"I made it on my own† resume really look like on paper? It’s important to remember that the risk takers and innovators often have resumes that look a little out of balance. And hey, it worked out for them. No matter what your past looks like, there’s proof that a lot of hard work (and sure, a smidgen of luck) can combine to bring you great success.Here are a few bullet points from Mark Zuckerberg’s would-be resume if his Facebook gamble had failed and he had found himself out on the post-grad job market with the rest of his Harvard class.Mark ZuckerbergEducationHarvard University, Psychology and Computer Science    (Sept 2002 – ongoing)Phillips Exeter Academy, Classical studies and Science    (May 1999-2001)   Ã‚  GPA 4.0Software Development ExperienceFacemash   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Oct 2003 – ongoing)Internal social media website allowing visitors to rate their classmates at Harvard University as â€Å"hot† or â€Å"not.† Hugely popular and experienced such a spike in numbers as to overwhelm the Harvard servers.CourseMatch    (2003 – ongoing)Mini-social medial, the first of its kind, allowing university students to choose their courses based on the choices of their classmates, and to form study groups and meet-ups.Synapse Media Player (2000 – 2001)App using artificial intelligence to learn the listening preferences of the user, then recommending appropriate music. Featured on the SlashDot, rated 3/5 by PCMag, and reached more than 1000 downloads in the first month alone. Attracted significant interest from Microsoft and AOL.AchievementsFounded two of the most popular apps at HarvardWon over 10 prizes in Math, Physics, Astronomy, and ClassicsProficient or advanced proficient in six languages (English, Mandarin Chinese, French, Hebrew, Latin, Ancient Greek)Developed first software application at the age of 12Captain of prep school fencing teamTech Skills StrengthsProduct DevelopmentArtificial IntelligenceHTML CSSPHPAtari BasicSoftware ApplicationsZuckNet (1996 – 1997)Dental practice software, designed at age 12 using Atari Basic, allowing family computers to communicate with those of family dental practice.Computer versions of Monopoly Risk (1995-1996)Digitized versions of two popular board games for up to 6 players.MembershipsAlpha Epsilon PiKirkland House  PassionsThe Odyssey The Iliad, Tennis, Rowing, Fencing, and Programming  Verdict? Not really all that impressive. Keep this in mind as you build your own resume. Make sure to view your career goals and accomplishments with a healthy amount of perspective.

Housing Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Housing Finance - Essay Example The housing financial sectors can play very essential and important roles in this process. As a policy officer I had great chances to work with governmental homes, communities, agencies and council of members of that particular locality. With respect to my vast experience in this field I have some views regarding housing and regeneration, which I want to share with the people of Chesterfield Derbyshire. The proposal for housing and regeneration is on account of the great demand of people who cannot forward their housing demands to the open market. The local council members have got the authoritative power of local housing. They are responsible for conducting researches and analysis regarding housing matters and trends. They organize funding for special housing schemes according to social environments. Moreover the environmental factors are very much related to housing and health policies. The awareness regarding these matters will enable to manage the housing and regeneration policies so perfectly. The center for planning and housing research often conduct seminars to verify the currently prevailing situation of housing and housing finance. This enables the housing and planning authorities to adopt methods and schemes to be implemented for the uplifting of the project. These types of seminars are too much worth since they can provide certain views regarding housing schemes and mortgage market. Sometimes these seminars are helpful for designing houses at affordable prices according to market trend. The main disadvantage of this process is the instability of the global economic condition. If the economic instability is prevailing for a prolonged period that will effect the housing and housing financial sector so inversely. In such situations the central and local ministry can do something positive to countercheck the falling trend in housing sector. The authorities of housing, financing, planning and regeneration can do a great deal if the governmental agencies are ready to supp ort them. This associated event will enable them to find out fresh alternatives to deal such unfavorable situations so successfully in both social and private housing sectors. The very common alternative at this juncture is to develop plans to construct houses at affordable costs irrespective of the economic down fall taking place globally. While undertaking this task the government must simultaneously launch measures to reduce the price hike and cost of living among common men, so that the government can succeed in bringing the poverty under control. All these miraculous measures are capable to make the ordinary people feel anything unfavorable with respect to economic recession taking place globally. Role of housing and planning research centers Housing and planning research centers can be commissioned by governmental authorities and community personnel. This is a very suitable suggestion to estimate the improved housing schemes. These innovative housing schemes can be made popularized among people of any concerned locality by providing them suitable awareness and advice. This is very essential to eradicate any existing misunderstanding among the people regarding housing and regeneration process. The advices and awareness class are capable to familiarize people about affordable schemes such as low and medium housing projects. The community planning division can

How can an understanding of nonverbal communication make business Essay

How can an understanding of nonverbal communication make business communication more effective - Essay Example It not only encourages the sender of the message but also helps the sender know whether he/she is going in the right direction or not. Communication is of two main types which include verbal and nonverbal communication. In verbal communication, people make use of tongue for the exchange of information whereas in the process of nonverbal communication, people make use of body language, gestures, eye contact, and appearance to send nonverbal messages to other people. Nonverbal communication plays an effective role in making the entire process of communication successful and productive. In this paper, we will discuss how nonverbal communication plays its role in making business communication effective. 2. Nonverbal Communication If we talk about nonverbal communication, we can say that it is the process of communication in which people do not make use of tongue to transmit some information rather they use their body language to transfer a wordless message which is somewhat more effectiv e as compared to verbal messages. â€Å"Nonverbal communication may be intentional, it may be based on societal cues, or it may be completely unconscious† (McGuigan n.d.). Some of the main modes of nonverbal communication include gestures, body language, tone of voice, outlook, dressing style, eye contact, and different kinds of facial expressions. Nonverbal communication can either be a planned and intended form of communication or it can be without any intention of sending a message. 2.1 Proxemics â€Å"Proxemics, which was developed by anthropologist Edward Hall, is the study of how we communicate with each other through space† (Cox n.d.). It is based not only on the type of relationships that we have with the people around us but also on the type of distance between two persons involved in communication. â€Å"The definition of non-verbal proxemics is the study of man's transactions as he perceives and uses intimate, personal, social and public space in various se ttings† (Rose n.d.). Four types of proxemic distances include intimate distance, personal distance, social distance, and public distance. The shortest of all four types of distances is intimate distance which is reserved for close relationships. Personal distance is usually up to 4 feet in length and is reserved for the relationships like inmates or close friends. Social distance is usually up to 12 feet in length and is reserved for social gatherings and formal relationships. Last type of distance is public distance, which is reserved for the strangers with whom we travel in buses or meet at different places. All these types of distances play their roles in the process of nonverbal communication. â€Å"The space (or distance) between the receiver and the sender during communication has an affect on the message's delivery and interpretation† (Teoli 2008). 2.2 Kinesics Kinesics includes such gestures or motions of a person, which convey some message to other people. Thes e gestures include actions like outspreading hands to indicate offerings and making thumbs up in order to show appreciation or support to the other person. Gestures usually have different values in different societies. Bowing is an expression, which is criticized in the United States but reveals respect to the Japanese people. Similarly, keeping hands in the pockets is not considered a good act in the countries like Ghana, Indonesia, and Turkey. 2.3 Paralanguage Dave (2009) states,

The benefits of open source software within the government and Essay

The benefits of open source software within the government and business sector - Essay Example The open-source software is developing rapidly and their functionalities are highly competitive and in fact much better than closed-source software. Above all, all of the above advantages come at a very minimal price, not even a fraction of what is spent on the closed-source software. But, having said that, there are several disadvantages that could pose a threat to the future of open-source software. So, when considering all the pros and cons of open-source technology, the Information System (IS) managers have a very hard task in their hands on deciding whether to go for this kind of software. There are several issues that a manager has to look forward, the primary criteria, of course, to be in contention as the leader in a competitive industry. So, this decision aids a lot in deciding the future of an organization. An IS manager has to take into account, the cost involved, security, efficiency, throughput, servicing, innovation and several other issues that lead to take this crucial decision. An analysis of the benefits attained by several government organizations and private organizations and the predicted growth of these org anizations is discussed here. This includes a detailed discussion of the features of open-source software, the role of a manager with regard to open-source software, the current trends and the future of organizations implementing open-source software. The analysis concludes with the best practices for managers in organizations implementing this technology.(Fanini, 2005) Open source, in general terms, is a method followed to allow global accessibility to the source of a product. It allows people from different regions, to access the code, innovate it and improve the functionality of the software. Open source became popular only after the spread of internet, with many people from several regions getting a common point of access. It is a distributed process when compared to the centralized closed-source development. The open source

Theory Of Second Language Acquisition English Language Essay

Theory Of Second Language Acquisition English Language Essay Second Language Acquisition (SLA) is a critical issue to both teachers and learners of a second language equally. Thus, teaching and learning a second language has always been of a highly important matter for linguistics who always seek language learning solutions to facilitate instructors job and answer educational enquires .Fillmore and Snow, 2002 and Hamayan, 1990 stated that teachers can play a positive role in improving second language acquisition if they understood how to improve the learners ability of majority. This paper will be devoted to Stephen Krashens second language learning acquisition theory. It will go through the stages of the theory and some applicable strategies for L2 teachers and learns. Key words: mother tongue, second language acquisition, learning, L2, theory Introduction Linguist Stephen Krashen (1981,1982) , University of Southern California, USA has developed the most famous second language acquisition theory (SLA) which is also known as the Krashens Monitor Model. Krahsen has developed his theory of second language acquirers who are assumed to have two autonomous systems for improving their ability in acquiring a second language and aware of the language learning. So, these systems are interconnected in an explicit way where unconscious acquisition seems to be more vital as it takes place naturally. The theory rotates around hypotheses that young learners subconsciously pick up the target language similarly to acquiring their mother tongue in informal situations. In fact, this is totally different from formal learning where it is thought to be dominated by error alteration and the appearance of the grammatical rules (Krashen and Seliger,1975). In this paper, light will be shed on SLA theory, its components and how important for the L2 teachers to be familiarizes with it. Acquisition and learning Both the mother tongue and the second language acquisition share different aspects. They both require a meaningful interaction, authentic communication in which speakers are paying the most attention for conveying and understand the message rather than the form of their utterances. Error alteration is more likely not so important and teaching grammar is not applicable to acquiring a second language. Teaching should give acquisition an adequate chance to flourish and make the second language learner gains a self-confidence which will help him later on to realize his mistakes and overcome them as this technique will help the acquisition process. (Brown and Hanlon, 1970; Brown, Cazden, and Bellugi, 1973). On the other hand, formal language learning is thought to be overwhelmed by a great deal of error correction and the existence of explicit grammatical rules (Krashen and Seliger, 1975). Although error alteration is sustained, it helps the acquirer comes to the right psychological image of the linguistic simplification. It is said that, error correction hinders the language development with a feeling of continues anxiety governed by error phobia . Whether such feedback has this effect on the acquirer to a significant degree or not remains an open question (Fanselow, 1977; Long, 1977). 2. The natural order hypothesis This hypothesis in second language acquisition assumes that mastering second language grammatical rules occurred in a predictable order. Regardless of the mother tongue of the learners, acquiring the target language rules varies in terms of their sequential which means that some rules are acquired earlier than others. Yet, second language grammar should not be taught as it is supposed to be acquired in this natural order. 3. The monitor hypothesis This hypothesis states that acquiring an L2 will be developed automatically allowing the acquirer to monitor his new language grammatical rules and edit the mistakes unconsciously at some stage, which we will see later as the Monitor. These monitor uses vary from a learner to another, with different degree of accomplishment. Stephen Krashen (1981) classify the monitors into two types, Over-users who habitually try to use their Monitor, in fact, this application leads to a result of a correct language lacks a lot of natural fluency that should help the learners in their real live. Monitor Under-users either have not intentionally learned or decide to not use their aware information of the language. Even though the modification of errors by others has little effect on the learners, they can frequently correct themselves, later on, based on a good judgment for correctness. 4. The input hypothesis Krashens theory of SLA is also called the input hypothesis, which answers the question of how a target language acquirer develops competency over time. It states that a language learner who is at i level must receive sufficient and logical input that is at his level i and a new +1.The new +1 varies from a learner to a another where an x can pick something different form a z depending on his background, interest, priority, attention and the way it is presented. 5. The affective filter hypothesis Filtering the learners input varies from a stage to another, so a learner of a second language might not need to filter every single input at the early stage. The role of filtering the new input increases as the learner have sufficient comprehensive input. At later stage, when the second language learner masters a lot of L2 rules and have reached the advanced language proficiency, filtering becomes subconscious process. This process will shape the new language and internalize its rules forming a native like competency. The preceding five hypotheses of acquiring L2 can be summed as follow: 1. Acquiring a language is far more significant than learning. 2. For acquiring a new language, two conditions are essential,i+1 input, which should be formed slightly above the learners present stage, and the second, a low sense of filtering to allow the input takes place. Development of second language acquisition Stephen Krashens concept of second language acquisition intake means presenting a language context a little beyond the learners current competence in the L2 ( Krashen, 1981,p.103). He sometimes refers to it as we saw an i+1, meaning that the learning situations should challenge the L2 acquirer by presenting a new input and above the learners level so that he will acquire something new and construct on what he already has . The concept of the continuum of learning, is said to be a shared phenomenon by most current language theorists, where predictable and sequential stages of second language development occurs. A child can acquire a second language using almost the same techniques he applies in acquiring his mother tongue. In fact, it requires authentic situational interaction in the second language and meaningful communication in which the two parties are caring not with the structure of their vocabulary but with the communication they are passing on and understanding. Error alterati on and pure rules teaching is not relevant to language achievement as Brown and Hanlon, 1970; Brown, Cazden, and Bellugi, 1973 said. The second language learner progresses from no knowledge of the new L2 to a level of competency closely like a native speaker. These theories however, have identified different stages for the development of second language acquisition where they are identified in five phases: Stage 1, the receptive or preproduction stage This stage is also called the silent stage where the learners develop survival vocabulary, following different teaching and learning situations including playing, miming, simple games and listening to stories. This phase could last from hours to six months. As the learner feels comfortable, he/she starts understanding and interacting with the teacher, his classmates and the surrounding environment using a variety of techniques like pointing to surrounding things, standing up, closing the door, nodding or might responding using simple words like yes or no. Teachers are recommended not to force learners to speak at this stage. Stage 2,the early production stage After acquiring about 5000 words in the first stage, the learner adds 1000 active words, in another six months, enabling his/ her to speak one or two words phrase, and demonstrates understanding by responding to yes/no, some WH questions or to either or. New vocabularies are required to be presented side by side with revising the old ones. Mistakes are to be tolerated in speaking provided the message is understandable. Stage 3, the speech emerging stage The most prominent phenomenal of this stage is the production of L2 phrases and simple sentences. During the second year, the learners will start interacting using the second language in reading and writing for operational purposes. The surrounding should play a positive role in encouraging the L2 learner and ignoring mistakes as long as the message is understandable and clear. Stage 4,the intermediate fluency At this stage the L2 learner is more aware of the usages of academic words in different situations comprehending about 6000 active words. He/she can interacts outside the teaching and learning contexts without using L1 for interpretation thus, he still makes errors in complex grammar and the usages of new vocabulary. The learner can interacts in academic presentations using visual and hands-on science activities, solve math problems, making models, maps, participate in academic discussion, make brief oral presentations and answer higher level order thinking questions. Stage 5, the advanced language proficiency speakers This level can be mastered after from five to seven years. The learner can comprehended academic presentations without using visual illustrations. He can use higher reading comprehension skill, writing comprehension, reports and research papers. The learner can use L2 grammar and vocabulary comparable to his age native learners. Understanding the learners stage helps the instructor to tailor the material accordingly and build on the existing strengths and remedial the weaknesses. Mother Tongue and Second Language Acquisition Mother tongue interference has been of a high priority in the history of second language acquisition researches and practices. For a long time , it had been reputed that the main source of syntactic errors in adults L2 performance was their mother tongue (Lado, 1957), in addition to a huge deal of resources preparation was done with this assumption in mind (Banathy, Trager, and Waddle, 1966). Consequently, experimental studies of errors made by second language learners guided to the detection, however, that many errors are not specific to the rules of the mother tongue, but are familiar to second language users of different linguistic backgrounds (e.g. Richards, 1971; Buteau, 1970). These results have guided several researchers to examine the importance of contrastive study and to argue as an alternative for error examination. As clearly stated earlier, the mother tongue is one of a number of causes of error but other factors need to be measured. A research conducted by Selinker, Swain, and Dumas, 1975; Plann and Ramirez, 1976 found that , mother tongue influence appears to be higher in complex word order and in word for- word translations of phrases. Mother tongue influence tends to be weaker in bound morphology. Mother tongue influence also appears to be strongest in acquisition poor surroundings. And finally mother tongue influence errors here are also in the area of word order. Pedagogies Providing Krashens Theory The question which we all need to ask ourselves is, How can a second language learner benefits from a formal learning situations? Formal learning or face-to-face learning can be of a great benefit for an L2 learner if it provides a comprehensive input. If the learner current ability helps him to add something more to his i or as Vygotsky called ZOPD. It is also said that classroom or formal learning cannot provide the acquirer with the wide range of daily issues and social langue needed. So the classrooms role is to prepare the learners for dealing with real life situations by presenting a sufficient daily actual language contexts. The theory also suggested that learners who are not able to speak output for physical problems can still master the full ability to comprehended language by presenting comprehensible input dependence on each learner. Teachers need to be slower and carefully articulate using common vocabulary and avoid dilates , slang language and shorter sentences. Teachers should facilitate presenting the best possible monitor users as to promote communication and avoid hindering acquisition with grammatical rules domination. In addition to getting the appropriate input, acquirers need to have their emotional filter kept minimum which will help them get the maximum input from the surrounding and allow them to master the techniques of dialogue and ideas exchange. Conclusion: Acquiring and learning a second language is very important in a bilingual and multi lingual society. It is also a necessity in todays global world where technology is mostly restricted to specific countries speaking a small number of languages. In fact, a lot of students, teachers, specialist and politics find themselves in a bad need for learning these languages. As presented earlier, Krashens theory of second language acquisition, suggested some useful techniques for teaching and acquiring a second language. Teachers are urged to use such theories for facilitating their job and helping their students acquire and learn better. Although this theory was a result of studies conducted in America on bilingual and multilingual speakers, our students in the Arab world in general and in the UAE in particular could gain the most of it with the help of their teachers. The focus should be on how to gradually help the learners pick the foreign language in a way that focus on fluency rather than accuracy.

Sport Obermeyer Case

Obermeyer Sport A Strategic Direction in Forecasting Introduction & Summary Klaus Obermeyer is an innovator in the high-end skiwear industry. The company began with down filled jackets and slowly began to diversify its product line with high-altitude suntan lotion, turtlenecks, nylon wind-shirts, mirrored sunglasses and more. In 1961, the first Sport Obermeyer factory warehouse opened in Aspen, and the innovations continued with â€Å"soft-shell† jackets, double lens goggles, and the first waterproof-breathable fabrics to be used in clothing. Sport Obermeyer is a high-end fashion skiwear design and merchandising company with its headquarters located in Aspen, Colorado. The company specializes in selling its products in U. S. department stores and ski shops. Although the company has a global supply network, most of its outerwear products are channeled through Obersport. [1] In the fashion skiwear industry – demand is very dependent on several factors that are difficult to predict. The inconsistent nature of the economy, fashion trends and weather create a significant challenge for a firm such as Sport Obermeyer. By actively applying a selection of appropriate forecasting methods and continuing to adapt to this fast-paced industry, Obersport would be able to remain competitive and retain or increase its 1992 high market share entering into the 1993/94 season. Analysis A joint venture was established between Klaus Obermeyer and Raymond Tse in 1985. This company gained the title of Obersport Ltd. This joint venture allowed Obermeyer to manage supply and production operations in Hong Kong and China. [2] Until the mid-1980s, Obermeyer followed a simple design-and-sales cycle: The first stage was to design the product, then fabricate and showcase samples to retailers in March usually at fairs/shows ? The second stage was to place production orders with suppliers in March and April after receiving retail orders from the fairs/shows. ? The third stage was to receive goods at Sport Obermeyer’s distribution center in September and October; and ship product immediately to retail outlets. During the mid-1980s, several factors rendered this approach obsolete: ? As sales volume grew, the company hit manufacturing ceilings during the peak ski wear-production period. Being unable to order sufficient quantities during critical summer months reduced the supply for ongoing demanded volume, to be produced after it has received retail orders. Therefore, the company begins booking production the previous November, or about a year before goods would be sold, based on speculation about what retailers would order. Processes and Strategies A ski jacket being distributed in the U. S. could be asembled in China from fabrics and findings (zippers, snaps, buckles, and thread) sourced from Japan, South Korea, and Germany. This global supply chain (Exhibit 1. 0) created more product variety and improved production efficiency, but at the same time greatly increased lead times. Reaction to the lengthening supply chains, limited supplier capacity, and retailers’ demands for earlier delivery were all prominent obstacles. Obersport began developing a variety of quick-response initiatives such as to shorten lead times to overcome them. First introduced were computerized systems to slash time in processing orders and computing raw-material requirements. This technology would anticipate what raw materials it would require and pre-position them in warehouses in the Far East because lead time for obtaining raw materials proved difficult to shorten. To shorten this time Obersport used air freight for delivery from the Far East to the Denver distribution centre as delivery due dates quickly approached. In the 1990s, these changes had reduced delivery times by more than one month. [3] Along with these changes, the Sport Obermeyer applied some other tactics in the 1990s. Obermeyer persuaded some of its important retail customers to place their orders sooner, providing the company with valuable foreword information such as the popularity of certain styles. Invited were 25 of the company’s largest retailer customers to Aspen each February offering them a preview of the new annual line and solicit early orders. This was called an â€Å"Early Write† which accounted for about 20 percent of the total sales. About half of production requests depended highly on demand forecasts still. An in-house buying committee approach was allocated to generate these forecasts. 4] Short life cycle Issues There are three topics in today’s business environment that are especially relevant to this case: ? Production planning for short-life-cycle fashion products ? Operational changes that reduce the cost of mismatched supply and demand ? Coordination issues in a global supply chain. The Bullwhip Effect (or Whiplash Effect) is an observed phenomenon in fo recast-driven distribution channels. Since the oscillating demand magnification upstream a supply chain reminds someone of a cracking whip it became famous as the Bullwhip Effect. For seasonal goods such as winter sportswear, which has a short selling season and long lead times, a firm can do several things to better match supply and demand: †¢ Additional events can be held before large trade fairs in order to secure orders further in advance. †¢ Supplier capacity can be reserved without specifying the exact product mix. This postponement of the final mix has benefits similar to those of postponing product customization until the distribution center. †¢ Common parts can be used in designs in order to pool some of the variation between individual demands. [5] Demand Forecasting The different types of forecasting include: †¢ Economic forecasts address the business cycle. Ie inflation rate, money supply, and housing starts †¢ Technological forecasts predict the rate of technology progress and impact the development of new products †¢ Demand Forecasts predicts sales of existing products and services. This is the type of forecasting relevant to the Obermeyer case. [6] The Importance of Forecasting [pic] Forecasts are based on statistics, and they are rarely perfectly accurate. Because forecast errors are a given, companies often carry an inventory buffer called â€Å"safety stock†. Moving up the supply chain from end-consumer to raw materials supplier, each supply chain participant has greater observed variation in demand and thus greater need for safety stock. In periods of rising demand, down-stream participants increase orders. In periods of falling demand, orders fall or stop to reduce inventory. The effect is that variations are amplified as one moves upstream in the supply chain (further from the customer). The causes can further be divided into behavioral and operational causes: Behavioral causes to forecasting Misuse of base-stock policies †¢ Misperceptions of feedback and time delays †¢ Panic ordering reactions after unmet demand †¢ Perceived risk of other players' bounded rationality Operational causes †¢ Dependent demand processing †¢ Forecast Errors †¢ Adjustment of inventory control parameters with each demand observation †¢ Lead Time Variability (forecast error during replenishment lead time) †¢ Lot-sizing/o rder synchronization †¢ Consolidation of demands †¢ Transaction motive †¢ Quantity discount †¢ Trade promotion and forward buying Anticipation of shortages †¢ allocation rule of suppliers †¢ shortage gaming †¢ Lean and JIT style management of inventories and a chase production strategy The information above (Importance of Forecasting) was provided by Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bullwhip_effect Objectives Despite current forecasting strategies being used at Sport Obermeyer to satisfy the constantly changing consumer demands, goals and targets must be set in order to improve weak areas allowing the company to remain competitive for the upcoming season. The following objectives are used to further develop the company’s forecasting strategies for the 1993/94 season. 1. Find new ways to accurately estimate the quantity of each style required in the initial phase of production. 2. Implement operational changes that will improve overall performance. 3. Properly align current supply chain sources subject to supply channels in Hong Kong and Greater China. Recommendations The following recommendations have been created to ensure the company meets its required objectives. 1. Wally Obermeyer reflects the results from the buying committee meeting that is held in November, annually. This year Wally strayed away from the usual system of having six key managers make production commitments based on the group’s consensus, to having each member give a personal forecast retailer demand for each of the products sold at Sport Obermeyer. We recommend that he takes each manager’s forecasts and makes one forecast based on the other manager’s predictions. A good formula to use in order to accomplish this is ? i-k? i= 10,000 units. (refer to exhibit 3. 0)This formula takes both the mean of all of the other manager’s forecasts and the distribution of everyone’s forecast into consideration. By improving the internal forecasts by applying this forecasting model with the data used from past sales instead of a simple average made by the buying committee. [7] 2. The main operational changes that Wally should focus on in order to increase pro ductivity is to initially focus on splitting the seasonal orders into two lots: Speculative Order The first lot should be an order of 10,000 units placed approximately 10 months before the selling season. This order will be made through China, considering that they are less expensive and need more time for production. This order will consist of the quantities produced from the data attained through a weighted average method as identified above. Reactive Order The second lot should be ordered closer to the selling season, approximately six months, and should also be 10,000 units. The quantities in this order should be decided based on which items are popular in the Las Vegas fashion show. The Vegas fashion show should offer a better prediction of popular trends in the season. This order should be produced by Hong Kong manufacturers considering that they are faster, more efficient and more flexible. Although, it would be much less expensive to order through China, given the short time line for this second order it is essential to use Hong Kong. [8] 3. Due to lower costs, but longer lead times, Sport Obermeyer should make a majority of its speculative order to China. With strict quota restrictions limiting the number of units that can be imported from China into the United States, it is necessary to ensure the orders brought into the US before the quota has hit a maximum. Sport Obermeyer forecasts an annual demand for its product and as a result supply channel partners need to undergo change to develop and deliver new product lines annually. Therefore, Obermeyer retroactive order should be manufactured in Hong Kong to avoid the risk of declined imports (Exhibit 2. 0). The Hong Kong manufacturer also provides higher quality and quicker production times, but at a higher price. Conclusion [pic] Obermeyer did employ all of the recommended strategies (to some degree) to satisfy the three outlined objectives entering into the 1993/94 season. Although Obermeyer did increase their quality control functions to position themselves as one of the highest quality brands in the market, they continued to use essentially the same supply chain. The company has since evolved from its operations in the early 1990’s to investing highly in research and development as this is the only way to remain competitive as a premium brand supplier in the 21st century. Sport Obermeyer now follows the following strategy: â€Å"Obermeyer Product Technology defines our commitment to the demand of function and performance. Today, more than ever, we are designing garments that are pushing the boundaries of outerwear technologies. Introducing new systems of integrated synergistic components which create exceptional, high-performance winter gear: The Advanced Technology Series is way of the future. † Despite their fundamental changes in corporate strategy, effective operations management remains a critical part of the ongoing success of Sport Obermeyer Ltd. Exhibits Exhibit 1. 0 – Supply Chain [pic] Exhibit 2. 0 – Comparative Analysis |Hong Kong |Greater China | |Advantages |Disadvantages |Advantages |Disadvantages | |Workers 50% faster than Chinese |Shorter hours worked, less |Significantly lower wage/hour |Workers not as efficient | |counterparts |overtime allowance |(US$0. 6/hr) |Narrower range of tasks | |Higher weekly output/worker |Higher labour costs |Ample supply of manufacturing |Long production lines | |Trained in broader range of |Shortage of younger workers |human resources |Much higher minimum order | |tasks |Insufficient number of workers |Lower landed cost |quantity for same style | |Lower minimum order quantity for|Higher landed costs | |Slow repair rate (10%) | |same style | | | | |Fast repair rate (1-2%) | | | | Exhibit 3. 0 – Speculative Production Quantities Assumptions ? All ten styles are made in Hong Kong, and Obermeyer's initial production commitment is at least 10,000 units. Different unit costs of production are inapplicable |Style |Average Forecast ( µ)|Standard |2x Standard Deviation |Product Quantity | | | |Deviation |(? i) | | |   |   | |Isis |357. 24 | |Entice |832. 24 | |Assault |1804. 2 | |Teri |292. 28 | |Electra |1293. 52 | |Stephanie |2. 12 | |Seduced |2838. 28 | |Anita |1076. 36 | Daphne |905. 36 | Exhibit 4. 0- Product Life Cycle [pic][9] Project Management Group Three: Craig Brown, Evan Farquhar , Jay Maynard, Sarah-May Kilpatrick, Sean Vrooman The first step taken was to appoint a Project Manager for our group. We decided to appoint Sean Vrooman due to his background in Human Resources and having a strong understanding of Project Management. The first thing put into place was we created a plan for how we would structure this assignment. First we analyzed what the objectives were and how we could meet them over a timeline. We then devolved a work break-down schedule to split up certain tasks to individuals in the group. Our first meeting was Tuesday November 3rd, 2009. We decided to meet every Tuesday but with limited resources we decided to start meeting twice a week for the last three weeks to help us move at a faster pace through the project. In total we met seven times with emails back and forth discussing and analyzing each other’s work. After implementing a schedule based on our working methods we had a very strong and competent order of who was doing what part of the paper and how we were going to present our material to the class. No methods were required In genereal this group functioned very well together. Everyone contributed in a very equal and professional manor. We completed this project on time and did not need the assistance of any extra materials like Gannt charts or critical paths. ———————– [1] Janice H. Hammond, Ananth Raman, Harvard Business School, Sport Obermeyer, Ltd. [2] Janice H. Hammond, Ananth Raman, Harvard Business School, Sport Obermeyer, Ltd. [3] www. personal. umd. umich. edu/~drossin/class/gommo4 [4] courses. washington. edu/smartman/Ass3. htm [5] http://www. quickmba. com/ops/scm/ [6] Heizer_9_ch4 [7] [pic]678GOP’? E? †¢Ã‚ ±- = O f o iU?  §Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ¢â‚¬ ¦tcRcRcRcAcAc! hâ‚ ¬Uhz B*OJQJaJphy! hâ‚ ¬UhI? www2. isye. gatech. edu/~jvandeva/Classes/6203/†¦ /12Obermeyer. ppt [8] www. utdallas. edu/~metin/Or6366/Folios/scnewproduct. ppt [9] Heizer_9_ch4

The M/S Milad Nor Company Essay

1) Read chapters 1 – 5 and review the PPTs we covered in class. 2) Expect 5 or 7 short-answer questions General Questions – 1. In class we reviewed three firms in three different countries. The M/S Milad Nor Company in Afghanistan, Caritex in Bulgaria, and Obod in Montenegro. Each company was faced with different problems and issues. Please briefly summarize the similarities between the firms and their individual issues. How do the problems faced by these firms compare to problems faced by similar firms in more developed countries? 2. Your stock market simulation calls for you to invest in securities with a significant presence outside the US – debt, equity, commodities, currencies, derivatives†¦ In researching equities trading on exchanges outside of the US what similarities/differences have you found compared to firms trading on exchanges in the US? Chapter 1 1.The term globalization has become very widely used in recent years. How would you define it? 2.What does an MNE need in order for it to create value through the globalization process? 3.How does the concept of capitalism actually apply to the globalization process of a business, as it moves from elemental to multinational stages of development? 4. Define and explain the theory of comparative advantage 5. Key to understanding most theories is what they say and they don’t. Name four or five key limitations to theory of comparative advantage. 6.Why have Eurocurrencies and LIBOR remained the centerpiece of the global financial marketplace for so long? * These are domestic currencies of one country on deposit in a second country * The Eurocurrency markets serve two valuable purposes: * Eurocurrency deposits are an efficient and convenient money market device for holding excess corporate liquidity * The Eurocurrency market is a major source of short-term bank loans to finance corporate working capital needs (including export and import financing) * LIBOR is the most widely accepted rate of interest used in standardized quotations, loan agreements, and financial derivatives transactions * 7. Which assets play the most critical role in linking the major institutions that make up the global financial marketplace? * The linkages are the interbank networks using currency. Without ready exchange of currencies the market is hard-pressed to operate efficiently. Chapter 2 1. How does ownership alter the goals and governance of a business? Public ownership may be wholly state-owned or partially publicly traded. State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) are created for business purposes rather than for regulation or civil activities. Private firms may be publicly traded (stock) or privately owned by partners or family. 2.Why is this separation so critical to the understanding of how businesses are structured and led? 3.Explain the assumptions and objectives of the shareholder wealth maximization model. 4.Explain the assumptions and objectives of the stakeholder wealth maximization model. 5.Define the following terms: a.Corporate governance b.Agency theory c.Stakeholder capitalism 6.In Germany and Scandinavia, among other countries, labor unions have representation on boards of directors or supervisory boards. How might such union representation be viewed under the shareholder wealth maximization model compared to the corporate wealth maximization model? 7.In many countries it is common for a firm to have two or more classes of common stock with differential voting rights. In the United States the norm is for a firm to have one class of common stock with one-share-one-vote. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each system? 8.What are the key differences in the goals and motivations of family ownership of the business as opposed to the widely held publicly traded business? 9.It has been claimed that failures in corporate governance have hampered the growth and profitability of some prominent firms located in emerging markets. What are some of the typical causes of these failures in corporate governance?p34 10. Do markets appear to be willing to pay for good governance?p36 Chapter 3 1.Under the gold standard all national governments promised to follow the â€Å"rules of the game.† This meant defending a fixed exchange rate. What did this promise imply about a country’s money supply? 2.If a country follows a fixed exchange rate regime, what macroeconomic variables could cause the fixed exchange rate to be devalued? 3.What are the advantages and disadvantages of fixed exchange rates? 4.Explain what is meant by the term impossible trinity and why it is true. 5.Fixed exchange rate regimes are sometimes implemented through a currency board (Hong Kong) or dollarization (Ecuador). What is the difference between the two approaches? 6.High capital mobility is forcing emerging market nations to choose between free-floating regimes and currency board or dollarization regimes. What are the main outcomes of each of these regimes from the perspective of emerging market nations? 7.On January 4, 1999, eleven member states of the European Union initiated the Europe an Monetary Union (EMU) and established a single currency, the euro, which replaced the individual currencies of participating member states. Describe three of the main ways that the euro affects the members of the EMU. 8.Why did the fixed exchange rate regime of 1945–1973 eventually fail? 9.How did the Argentine currency board function from 1991 to January 2002 and why did it collapse? DEAD Chapter 4 1. Business managers and investors need BOP data to anticipate changes in host country economic policies that might be driven by BOP events. 2. From the perspective of business managers and investors list three specific signals that a country’s BOP data can provide. 3. What are the two main types of economic activity measured by a country’s BOP? 4. Why does the BOP always â€Å"balance†? 5. If the BOP were viewed as an accounting statement, would it be a balance sheet of the country’s wealth, an income statement of the country’s earnings, or a funds flow statement of money into and out of the country? 6. What are the main component accounts of the current account? Give one debit and one credit example for each component account for the United States. adjust 7. The US dollar has maintained or increased its value over the past 20 years despite running a gradually increasing current account deficit. Why has this phenomenon occurred? Chapter 5 1. What were the three major forces behind the credit crisis of 2007 and 2008? 2. Why were LIBOR rates so much higher than Treasure yields in 2007 and 2008? What is needed to return LIBOR rates to the lower, more stable rates of the past? 3. What were the three key elements of the package used by the U.S. government to resolve the 2008-9 credit crisis? 4. Why are the sovereign debtors of the Eurozone considered to have a problem that is different from any other heavily indebted country, like the United States? 5. Why has the case of Portugal been termed a â€Å"case of contagion† rather than a sovereign debt crisis? 6. What are the three primary methods which might be used individually or in combination to resolve the European debt crisis?

Your Voice is Like a Recipe

Your Voice is Like a Recipe The hardest thing for me to describe to a new writer is voice.   At a recent conference, during an informal gathering, a new writer asked how to identify voice. I gave her authors’ names and showed her how they had distinct voices. She recognized theirs, but she was still confused how to identify her own. Then I read a blog post about developing your own recipes, and how good cooks start off reading other recipes, then altering them as they deem necessary. Soon they have original dishes, after trial and error, insertions and deletions, embellishing and withdrawing. The same goes for writing. Recently, I heard a new writer say she didn’t have time to read very much. I hate that, because reading other work is the best teaching tool out there. Not conferences, not degrees, not how-to books, not that those don’t help. However, since the beginning of time, it’s been proven that the best way to learn anything is I’ve heard some writers say they are afraid they will copy who they read. Nah. Ain’t gonna happen. You are not as good as they are, and trust me, you will not pull it off like they do. They have their voice. They know what they’re doing. You may still be searching. I believe that reading the masters (i.e., successful authors who write in the genre you write) teaches you what works. You may even try writing like them. One author, then another author, then yet another. They are in your head as you fight a chapter – the action, the character development, the plot formulation. You study one   author for one aspect, then grab another for yet a different facet. Go ahead and copy them. You’re going to edit the book anyway.   Because a funny thing happens between Chapter One and Chapter Thirty. Your writing grows. You start winging it several chapters into the story. You aren’t so quick to copy, and get quicker at making up your own stuff. You reach Chapter Thirty and then†¦you go back and read the first few chapters. Wow. You write better than what you put in the opening chapters, and you learned it as you fought your way to the final chapters. That’s when you start with Chapter One and edit away, using the new voice that seems to ooze out here and there. You edit all the way through the book. Then you go back and look at Chapters One through Ten or so again. Dang it! You discover your voice grew again! You write better in the end than you did in the beginning of the story. So†¦you edit the book again. You do this over and over and over. Twenty times or more, if necessary. As long as you feel your ending sounds better than the beginning, you rewrite, until your voice is uniform  throughout. A handful of you will think your book is good after the second draft, and you would be wrong. All those edits are necessary to build that elusive voice. Aren’t sure you have your voice defined yet?   Keep reading the masters, copying the masters, writing beginning to end, and rewriting over and over. So, what does this have to do with a recipe? When you first make a dish, you use a recipe perfected

British Airways, an Airline Case Study

British Airways, an Airline Case Study Free Online Research Papers The British Airways is considered to be the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom based at Waterside close to its major hub, the London Heathrow Airport. The BA is considered to be the largest airline in the UK on basis of fleet size, flights and destinations. BA was formed in the Year 1974 by combining two large London based airlines, the BOAC (British Overseas Airways Corporation) and BEA (British European Airways Corporation), and two other small regional airlines. 13 years later the company was privatized and the company acquired other airlines to combine the growing fleet. Case Objectives To give a broad overview of the airline industry. To understand how a loss making unit can be turned around. To appreciate the importance of efficient operations in the airline industry. To gain insights into how a service company can build its brand. To understand the issues involved in the globalization of an airline, in particular government regulations. To understand how airlines use strategic alliances to expand their network. To appreciate the importance of people in the service industry. Strengths Brand name, British Airways is well known worldwide as one of the 7 leading airlines that fly across the six inhabited continents and providing for more than 160 destinations Partnerships and Alliances, BA is a partner with major airlines in the world, and it also acquired Iberian airline and now dominate most of the regions and have the second best revenues after delta and American airlines Fleet size and destinations, the British Airways covers most of the globe giving options for short and long distance flights for their customers with a large pool of connecting flights and more than three hubs to choose from. Long service History, BA comes back to the early 1990s from various airlines that served in the United Kingdom, which were merged all together under the British flag. Weaknesses Not quality approved airline, the BA although with its reputation lacks the fundamentals of qualities that other airlines serve, maybe the reason for that is that BA is still maintaining the old standards they have without improving them to handle the needs of the traveler of today. Poor baggage delivery, this could be due to the un integrated systems of baggage handling that the BA follows where many complains about lost baggage have been filed with regards to passengers flying BA. Aging fleet, many of the aircrafts operated by BA are rather old, some of them go all the way back to the 1980s of the last centuries which is not economic in operations. Lack of innovation and change, many airlines have emerged who provide far more better services in terms of value for money and travelers comfort, while as we see with BA change only occurs once a decade at the most. Opportunities Competitors market exit, due to the recent terrorist attacks around the world many airlines are withdrawing from the markets, and the global crisis have affected them greatly where only the strong ones were able to survive. Emerging of new markets, the growing of the population around the world, and the opening of the Trans Atlantic routs have helped the airline to succeed in targeting new customers around the world. High demand for flights, there is an increased demand for air travel which is never met, especially for well reputated airlines that care for the safety of its operations. Treats Competition, everyday new airlines emerge, and the need for more cheaper tickets due to the global crises have risen too, therefore many airlines who provide economic airfare are pulling out the customers from other airlines, in the year 2008, easy jet took the leading customer pool from BA due to the cheap flights they offer. Environmental Awareness, the old fleet that BA operates on is way obsolete in terms of the environment, therefore customers who prefer to go green usually opt for airlines that respect the environment more Global Economic Crisis, the crisis have affected everyone in the world, BA had to let go of thousands of their employees to reduce the operating costs, plus that, customers are seeking cheaper flights to meet their needs during such crisis. Recommendations British Airways has to step into the 21st Century by updating everything in the system, starting with upgrading their fleet and buying newer aircrafts to meet the economic and environmental demands of the customers, and becoming more cost efficient in order to reduce the airfare prices. The Services should be improved to reach the levels of other airlines which are competing in terms of providing the most luxurious and comfortable cabins for the travelers. Becoming more economic is the key requirement in this century because the need for air travel is constant and increasing, while the customers are looking for the cheapest offers around but with maintaining the safety as well. As for the opportunities, I think that BA should better use its well known name and flag and produce better services that attract the growing customers’ pool, as there is an increase in the demand for air travel with markets widening, and customers opting for easy means of travel in safe, economic and environmentally friendly means. In order to overcome the BA weaknesses, a strategy has to be made, where the fleet has to be upgraded fully to meet all the requirements that passengers usually opt for, cheaper flights, faster, and environmentally safe. BA has to work more on its ground staff, where baggage handling should be monitored more closely to find solutions for the baggage complaints. BA should also follow the latest airline updates in means of services and cabins, where there should be an improvement where the traveler can sense that their favorite airline is being up to date and making sure that the needs of the modern traveler are met. References wikipedia. (2009). Wikipedia. In British Airways. Retrieved December11,2009 , from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Airways. British Airways. (2009). British Airways. In BA. Retrieved December9,2009, from www.ba.com. (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })() thinkingmanagers.com/management/strengths-weaknesses.php euran.com/BC/artBritishAirways.htm speedyadverts.com/SATopics/html/leadership_in_tourism4.html http://smallbusiness.yahoo.com/r-answers-a-20071116212400AAtayRW-k-strengths+and+weaknesses American airlines but might help in ideas http://university-essays.tripod.com/swot_tows_analysis.html imp authorstream.com/presentation/The_Rock-59257-airlines-Global-Presentation-Agenda-Airline-Industry-Overview-as-Travel-Places-Nature-ppt-powerpoint/ imp scribd.com/doc/23329171/British-Airways-Strategic-Plan imp Research Papers on British Airways, an Airline Case StudyNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceTwilight of the UAWAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Bringing Democracy to AfricaOpen Architechture a white paperPETSTEL analysis of IndiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesDefinition of Export Quotas

Great Communicators in History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Great Communicators in History - Essay Example He served eight years in Illinois legislature and also served as a captain in the Black Hawk War. Lincoln began his political career at the age of 23 as a member of Whig Party but his beginning campaign for the Illinois General Assembly was unsuccessful and he left politics for the time being. He resumed his political career after the passage of the Kansas – Nebraska Act in 1854 which repealed the limit on slavery and recognized the right of people to decide whether to allow slavery in their area or not. From his stand strongly opposite slavery he rejoined politics but his first bid for US senate was unsuccessful. He received some support for the Republican vice-presidential nomination in 1856 and started his move against slavery as public speaker and prominent debater. The nation began to listen to his views from famous speeches like Lost Speech, House Divided Speech, etc. one after another. He received national recognition as a public speaker with his successful speech in th e Cooper Institute, New York in 1860 (â€Å"An overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , n.d.). He won the Presidential election in 1860 to become the 16th President of the nation. As the President he faced immense crisis in saving the union from falling apart. He decision continued Civil Wars for four years and Emancipation Proclamation was declared in 1863 declaring the freedom of the slaves. His famous Gettysburg Speech is still remembered as his gratitude to the dead soldiers in the War and as his effort to inspire the nation to follow the path of anti-slavery and unity, the cause for which the soldiers sacrificed their lives. He was re-elected as President in 1864 and initiated the peace activities. He took a more flexible and generous approach to ensure the unity of the nation and encourage the rebels of the south to join the peace mission. He clearly communicated this approach of him in his second inaugural speech. But somehow he was misunderstood as a supporter

Comparing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparing - Essay Example Human beings are becoming more inquisitive, than ever before, about the authority of religion and religious scriptures, which sometimes may not match with the scientific discoveries. However, the presence of ‘God Particle’ and ‘Big Bang’ theory has baffled many scientists and philosophers, compelling them to think in terms of God’s existence and creation of universe, with perfection. In response to thinking of certain radicals, a new philosophy of life has emerged, during last few decades, which is called ’Humanism’. This philosophy aims at making human lives ethical and responsible for betterment of human kind, without any religious or supernaturalism. The humanism and its aspirations might be the path to enlightened living for the future generations, as it gets inspiration from the experiences of life, while being guided by reason. Humanists acknowledge that values and ideals are subject to changes as people gather more knowledge about life. Approach to existence of God Russell has his own arguments to explain that he is not a Christian. He has simplified the dogma of Christianity by comparing the similar beliefs that people following two different religions may have. For example, it is essential to believe in God and immortality, for being a true Christian. However, according to Russell, Muslims also must believe in God and immortality. ... Roussell also nullified the â€Å"Natural Law Agreement† and â€Å"Argument from Design†. According to Russell, the â€Å"Moral Argument for Deity† and â€Å"Argument for remedying the injustice† could not stand the test of time, as injustice is evident everywhere and innocents suffer, while wicked people prosper. This is great injustice done by the God, if he exists.(Russell) While Dawkins has similar views about the existence of God, he further treats the Old Testament as a work of fiction and its God the most unpleasant character in this fiction. Dawkins has accused God with different allegations that range from being jealous, vindictive, bloodthirsty, racist, genocidal, unjust and unforgiving, among others. Dawkins has defined the God hypothesis, as God being the supernatural intelligent super being, who has created the universe including the human beings living in this world. However, the alternate view presented by Dawkins explains that the creative intelligence is the result of on-going evolution process and it has the capability of designing complex events.(Dawkins) Hitchens had similar views about the existence of God. In his â€Å"God is Not Great†, he has explained that he does not believe in personal God. Hence, no religious convictions for him. Instead, Hitchens feels that he has religious faith in the revelations of science, which unfolds the structure of this world.(Hitchens) Arguments about meaning of religion While the three philosophers had similar views about any religion being only a dogma, they had their own version to justify this. Hitchens has explained the religious plagiarism, in which all three major religions, Christianity, Islam and Jewish Zoroastrian have borrowed different rituals from each