A Separate Peace Essay Research Paper Breaking free essay sample

A Separate Peace Essay, Research Paper Intruding on The Cast In John Knowle # 8217 ; s, A Separate Peace, there is a transmutation in all the cardinal components in the book, from the streams to the tree to the seasons to the characters. The transmutation is explicitly found in Leper, Gene, and Phineas. These three youthful work powers see a change non simply due to the entries through immaturity. These changes other than come about in view of the war, the school, and a hurt. Pariah Lepellier is an extremely lopsided youthful grown-up male. He is peaceful and is disclosures himself at any point taken by shock. He genuinely is non famous and that does non concern him in any way. Untouchable genuinely has no genuine companions at the Devon school, yet exchanges to Gene. He engages himself by roll uping snails, searching for beaver darn, and skiing. His character does non let him to rely upon anybody for help. As clasp headways and different young men start the winter meeting he chooses to record in the war. A team of months along these lines Gene gets a wire from Leper expressing he is in his # 8220 ; Christmas area # 8221 ; ( 131 ) This is the main imprint that Leper exhibits that he needs individuals. He understands the felicity, alarm and choler must be imparted to other people. Untouchable so tells Gene # 8220 ; I got away # 8221 ; ( 135 ) furthermore, he says he did it to amuse himself. He is get bringing down to perceive things that are going on in the universe. He no longer lives in his air pocket. Quality Forrester is a peaceful, avaricious, withdrawn, and forlorn youthful grown-up male. His uncertainties are especially observed when Finny is about. There is an invariable rivalry through Gene # 8217 ; s eyes between them. He ever decides to strive or dissuade Phineas. The principal outline of his competitory character is seen when Phineas solicits him to jump out from the tree. Phineas says, # 8220 ; you were truly great, once I disgraced you into it. .. I am beneficial for you that way. You have a tendency to embrace away from things in any case. # 8221 ; and Gene regions # 8220 ; you didn # 8217 ; t shame anyone into anything. I neer supported off from anything in my life. # 8221 ; ( 10 ) Gene would hold neer hopped off the tree on the off chance that it were non for Finny. Quality relies upon Finny as his security spread. As clasp advances the opposition increases and the strained quality in Gene # 8217 ; s caput is deteriorates. At the point when Gene can non take any more extended of Finny and his capacities his desire takes control and he bumps the appendage. As a result, Gene makes him fall and injuring his leg. When Finny falls it seems as though all of Gene # 8217 ; s requests have been replied. Finny needs to go forward Devon for the rest of the mid year meeting and segment of the winter meeting. During this clasp Quality discovers who he truly is. His transmutation happens, he winds up doing conclusions on his ain, similar to when he decides to travel scoop snow on the railroad. Not just that however he other than gets himself non second reasoning each move he makes. By the terminal of the novel he no longer observes Finny as a superman however an ordinary person. After his transmutation to a develop, sure adult he regions, # 8220 ; I could see the aggregate of dread I had lived in. # 8221 ; ( 2 ) On the different manus Phineas # 8217 ; s transmutation is to a greater degree a lost than an expansion. Toward the start of the novel he is a certain, athletic, and a fine-looking juvenile grown-up male. He is seen like pro regular God according to many, especially his equivalents and educators. Quality depicts Finny as # 8220 ; the bit of this imprudent harmony. # 8221 ; ( 17 ) Whatever Finny says to cause individuals to tail it. He made the Super Suicide Society, made a winter fair at Devon and concocted the games of Blitzball. This sports brought about # 8220 ; his ain athletic blessings to their most noteworthy pitch. # 8221 ; this privilege here showed his respectful capacities. ( 31 ) Another outline of his this inside confirmation is the point at which he breaks the swimming record. Quality is the solitary one to witness Fiiny intruding on the record. The thing is Finny does non want he broke the record. Phineas realizes his capacity however needs to keep up it a mystery. At the point when Gene pushes Finny of the tree the start of the transmutation happens. Maybe his # 8220 ; purity # 8221 ; was taken off when he harmed his leg. He boiled down to ordinary mankind with the pre-winter, as though a blessed messenger lost its wings. In choice, only things everything changes with cut so make the characters in John Knowles # 8217 ; s A Separate Peace. Quality, Phineas, and Leper end up turning up and changing from male childs to work powers. Entries through pre-adulthood cause change and these male childs hold plentifulness of to find in the two Sessionss. Their disposition towards what their identity is and life in general adjustment.

To Kill A Mockingbird Essays (1173 words) - Literature, Fiction

To Kill A Mockingbird To Kill A Mockingbird is an ideal case of an unconfirmed judgment or an conclusion about a person. The prime message in the novel is that of bigotry, how the activities of a network, not only a parent, can influence a youngster. Conceived, Nelle Harper Lee in 1926, Monroeville, Alabama. She went to class at three various schools where she contemplated law, Huntington College from 1944-1945, College of Alabama from 1945-1949, and examined one year at Oxford College. The investigation of law and its standards helped her build up the way she was raised. Her childhood gave her crude material to think of her lone book. She was the most youthful of four children. At the point when she began in reality she worked as a booking agent with Eastern Airlines and BOAC in New York City. To focus on her composing she quit filling in as a carrier agent. In 1957 she presented the original copy of her book to the J. B. Lippincott Company. She was informed that her novel comprised of a progression of short stories hung together. She was encouraged to revise it. For the following over multi year she adjusted the original copy with the assistance of her proofreader, Tay Hohoff, and in 1960 To Kill A Mockingbird was distributed. Harper Lee just thought of one book up until now, and pundits are sitting tight for her next book. There have not been as much distributed on the doings of Lee since 1966. Bias, carefully characterized, a preformed and unconfirmed judgment or feeling about an individual or a gathering, either great or horrible in nature. In present day use, be that as it may, the term most frequently means a horrible or unfriendly mentality toward others dependent on their enrollment in another social or ethnic gathering. The recognizing normal for a bias is that it depends on generalizations (distorted speculations) about the gathering against which the preference is coordinated. Instances of partiality have large amounts of history. Much of the time, a partial demeanor held by a prevailing ethnic gathering against a minority or distraught gathering inside a similar society. The most detailed sort of separation is segregation?the detachment of ethnic gatherings authorized by law or custom or both. Instances of isolation incorporate the exacting imprisonment of Jews to the ghettos of medieval European urban communities and the unbending race-division laws of current South Africa, in any case, isolation can likewise apply to the prohibition of an individual from a minority gathering from social clubs or from access to specific occupations or instructive openings. The blending of ethnic gatherings may be relied upon to prompt the fast vanishing of bias, on the hypothesis that delayed contact between individuals ought to obliterate generalizations. By and by, nonetheless, partial perspectives frequently have demonstrated incredibly hard to destroy, in any event, when law authorizes combination. Prejudice today isn't as solid as it was 20 years back. There was a time where African Americans couldn't drink out of a similar drinking wellspring as the white individuals. It is genuine the today bigotry isn't as awful of an issue, however regardless of who denies prejudice, it is as yet a significant piece of the society. In the no so distant past in Daytona Beach Florida, there was a preliminary of partiality. The significant lodging network, The Adam's Mark was accused of bias towards African Americans. The Adam's Mark charged twofold for room administration, made the dark visitors of the inn where wrist groups, would not permit their vehicles in parking structures, and most significant regarded them as creatures. This is just one circumstance of preference that goes on this day is age, regular somebody or something is harmed with preference. Not exclusively is bias in inns, yet it is on the road, in the schools, and in the homes of numerous individuals today. Still today there are racial battles that break out. In the schools, there are not very many dark kids that go to state funded schools. In the homes of numerous Americans, the issue of African Americans is an every day circumstance. In the book To Kill A Mockingbird, preference is a general issue. Preference goes out of control in Maycomb Province. The town has bias against blacks. This is found for the situation against Tom Robinson. Robinson is wrongly denounced, and loses his life because of prejudice in the network. Despite the fact that it is self-evident, to each individual in the jury, that Robinson couldn't have perpetrated the wrongdoing, and that he is an upstanding and strict churchgoing man, he is still blamed for assault and imprisoned. It is self-evident that he is honest through proof introduced by Atticus,

The Best History Essay Topics

The Best History Essay TopicsIf you are in college or otherwise studying to be a teacher, then you know that good history essay topics can be hard to come by. You want to write a great piece of work and some of the best tips I have found for getting the best subjects have to do with your topic choice. Here are some tips to help you get good topics for your history essay.Students usually like the topics that will interest them most, and a big factor in this is where you choose to teach from. Just as some people like a commercial for something, others like to take it on its face value. Regardless of what subject you teach, your main focus should be on your own knowledge and opinions.Take the time to study the class you are teaching so that you will be better able to help students. See what they like to talk about when they go to class. You should try to take their interests and incorporate these into your lessons so that your students will enjoy learning.You should also take the time t o visit some of the local schools that your student's attend. The principals and teachers can give you advice on the best subject matter for your students. By taking a look at their class you can also see which subjects are popular and which ones may not be as popular.Don't let your students be the ones who take the lead in deciding what subject you will teach them. You should show up to class and try to do your best to help students understand what you have to teach. You can offer them suggestions, but you should ultimately make the decision yourself.As you search for the best topics to teach your students, it is a good idea to join your local paper and check out the types of topics that are being advertised. You will find a lot of information about some of the best subjects in the country. For example, you will find information about New York State, Alabama, Texas, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and many more. This gives you the opportunity to learn about the type of history paper topics that other students are offering.You should also try to attend as many of the free classes that are offered to those who would like to take them. This gives you an opportunity to find out what students are seeking. Many times the subjects that are best sellers in class are just as popular in the classroom. With this information, you will be better able to choose topics that will fit in with your students.Once you find good history essay topics for you, all you have to do is to practice what you have learned. The more you practice writing your papers, the better you will get at it. It really all comes down to how much you enjoy what you are doing and whether or not you learn to love what you are doing.

Essay My little bit of country - 891 Words

My Little Bit of Country What would the ideal lifestyle contain? Would it be a busy life, surrounded by tall buildings and lots of people or would it be on the country, enveloped in the uncontrolled nature and with a small society? Some would argue for the city-life, while others would argue for the country-life. It might be impossible to conclude which lifestyle is really the best, but there is definitely both cons and pros to each of the two lifestyles. In an article called My Little Bit of Country, posted in Central Park by Susan Cheever, Susan Cheever argues her view of living respectively in the city and on the country. Susan Cheevers preferred place to live is the city. When she was a baby and as a very young child, she†¦show more content†¦Cheever also points to the privileges following a life in the city. The possibilities, as she describes them, are much more numerous than on the country. While the city still offers playgrounds, parks and pools, it also provides cafà ©s, lively people and flashing lights everywhere. The clean environment simply attracts her more than the dirty country. For children, Cheever thinks that the ideal place to live is also the city. She thinks its safer for children to grow up in the city and that its easier for the children to live in the city. She uses an example to support this. She compares the living country pony and the carousel city pony to each other and concludes that the carousel pony is better than the living pony, because its clean and easy to handle. However, this example might not be very strong, as many people would point out that the carousel pony lacks just exactly the work and experience that the living pony can bring to the children. Also, the bond that the child would create between the pony and itself isnt present with the carousel pony. Later in her text, we learn that Cheever has an apparent fear of living in the country. She explains that one of the most important things for her is to be surrounded by civilization at almost all times. She feels safer when she can hear the buzzing of the traffic outside her apartment and see the flashing lights on the wallShow MoreRelatedMy Experience At The Usa981 Words   |  4 PagesMy experience of moving to the USA included a couple of steps such as preparing, arriving, and adopting. Moving to America was one of the most thrilling and exciting experiences I have ever had in my life. It all started after I graduated from high school. I had always dreamed of going to abroad to study in a better school to be successful in life. My dad was leaving me hints here and there that he was going to send me America for school, but I was sure that it wasn’t going to happen because gettingRead MoreI Am A Long Time Fan Of Diana Krall1684 Words   |  7 PagesI’m a long-time f an of Diana Krall; I began listening to her when her Look of Love album came out in 2001. I own most of her albums as well as Live in Paris – DVD and Live in Rio – BluRay. So, you can imagine my excitement when I heard she was coming out with a new album in 2015. Then I found out what was going to be on it. Now I was excitedly concerned. She’s known for singing the Great American Songbook and jazz in general. Wallflower sounded like it was going to be the Great American Soft-RockRead MoreNative Language And American Culture989 Words   |  4 Pagesand raised in America, my native language is English, I love rock music and American food; people often think I am white because of the way I look and act. However, my ethnicity is Hispanic American. My parents were born and raised in El Salvador, I have only been there once when I was younger and I remember it like it was yesterday. I was hit with a bit of culture shock because there were things I was not used to. As a kid, my Spanish was not that great so being in a country where everyone speaksRead MoreVietnamese Traditional Holiday Tet825 Words   |  4 PagesTet, Vietnamse New Year New Year is always an important holiday of each country in a year. As the New Year time, an atmosphere of countries are happy and it looks colorful because people try to clean up and decorate everything such as street, house, and everything they have. However, the new year ‘s day of each country are difference. As we know that America and Europe have one New Year day is the first day of year, but Tet is the abbreviation of Tet Nguyen Dan which means the first morning ofRead MoreImplicit Associations Test1011 Words   |  5 PagesIndividual March 27, 2011 It was with some trepidation that I awaited my score for the Presidential Implicit Association Test (IAT). Was it possible that I am subconsciously racist? Despite the fact that I genuinely don’t look at Barack Obama any differently because he is black; the nature of this test forces your mind and body to work so quickly in synch that it forces a high level of veracity. Luckily in both of my IAT results my subconscious did not betray me, but it did require a certain amountRead MoreThe Big Five Personality Test Essay916 Words   |  4 Pagesaround 45 questions long. Scores were represented in percentiles so that comparison could be made between people. The percentiles were based on groups determined by location and age. My scores were for someone around the age of 18 in North Carolina. My book character’s scores were from people around the age of 17 in the UK. My score was 59th percentile in experience/intellect, 74th percentile in consciousness, 31st percentile in extraversion, 93rd percentile in agreeableness, and 11th percentile in neuroticismRead MoreSample Speech on Yourself838 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Alex McBride Bethany Conrad Speech 205 My Life General Purpose- To inform Specific Purpose- To inform the audience about my life Thesis Statement- To inform the audience about my life by explaining my love for Clemson football, my love for my iPhone, and my habit of dipping tobacco. I. INTRODUCTION A. I brought this nifty McDonalds bag with me today, as its will reveal to you a little bit about my life. We all have things that we like or love in life. It doesn’t really matter if it’sRead MoreThe Dispute Between China And China Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesThe South China Sea (SCS). China and many other countries have been in a disagreement over who governs over the body of water. The South China Sea is located at the heart of many different countries such as China, Taiwan, Vietnam, and the Philippines to name a few. This paper will stem from the prominent disagreement over the sovereignty of the SCS between the Philippines and China and how it has affected the relationship between these countries as well as other parts of the world. Overview: TheRead MoreEssay Cultures and Co-Cultures1178 Words   |  5 Pagesculture that I could identify with would be the family closeness. The reason that I could identify with the family closeness is because in my family no matter what happens family comes first. For every holiday, birthday, or celebration it is tradition that my family will be there for me. In any big decision they will help me make it and choose the right path for my future. We believe that if anyone is ever in need of assistance we will be there to help them. Another culture that I am a part of wouldRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave1425 Words   |  6 Pagescave to see that the light is the truth. The truth is the reality of life. I always thought my father was right and smart in so many ways when I was a child, but it turned out he was wrong about one main idea and that idea was about racism. I didn’t like the idea of being that kind of person: a racist. Stereotypes don’t define people, especially if you’ve never met them. So it made me realize how wrong my father was because even though people have different ethnicities, they are regular people just

Defense of Socrates Essay - 1590 Words

Defense of Socrates There are times in every mans life where our actions and beliefs collide—these collisions are known as contradictions. There are endless instances in which we are so determined to make a point that we resort to using absurd overstatements, demeaning language, and false accusations in our arguments. This tendency to contradict ourselves often questions our character and morals. Similarly, in The Trial of Socrates (Plato’s Apology), Meletus’ fallacies in reason and his eventual mistake of contradicting himself will clear the accusations placed on Socrates. In this paper, I will argue that Socrates is not guilty of corrupting the youth with the idea of not believing in the Gods but of teaching the youth to think for†¦show more content†¦Socrates begins by asking Meletus if he thinks that Socrates has corrupted the young by â€Å"teach[ing] them not to acknowledge the gods which the state acknowledges, but some other new divinities,† and Meletus agree s that this is the reason for his accusation. However, Meletus further states that Socrates is a complete â€Å"atheist,† meaning that he does not believe in god at all. This inconsistency in Meletus’ answers refute the entire accusation that Socrates is an atheist because Meletus already has established that Socrates teaches â€Å"other men to acknowledge some gods, and therefore that [he] does believe in gods, and [is] not an entire atheist.† This can also be presented as an argument in which our first premise is (P1) that Atheists do not believe in Gods, our second premise is that (P2) Socrates believes in God, and our conclusion therefore is that (C) Socrates is not an Atheist. This logically proves that Meletus is incorrect in his reasoning and that Socrates is not guilty of teaching the youth not to believe in Gods as a whole, but has only attempted to broaden their minds by introducing them to divinities outside of the state. A final argument that we can make in defense of this thesis is that Socrates does believe in Gods, which would refute any reason for him to corrupt the youth with atheistic ideas. Socrates begins by asking a series of question: â€Å"Did ever man, Meletus, believe in the existence ofShow MoreRelatedDefense of Socrates1888 Words   |  8 PagesApology: Defence Of Socrates By: Gregory Klima Apology Defense Of Socrates Plato s The Apology is an account of the speech Socrates makes at the trial in which he is charged with the following 1) Not recognizing the gods recognized by the state 2) Corrupting the youth of Athens For the most part, Socrates spoke in a very plain, conversational manner, as one would speak to a friend or lecture a child. He explained that he has no experience with courts and demeanor that comes with , heRead MoreDefense on Socrates Essay1619 Words   |  7 PagesDefense on Socrates There are times in every mans life where our actions and beliefs collideÂâ€"these collisions are known as contradictions. There are endless instances in which we are so determined to make a point that we resort to using absurd overstatements, demeaning language, and false accusations in our arguments. This tendency to contradict ourselves often questions our character and morals. Similarly, in The Trial of Socrates (Platos Apology), Meletus fallacies in reason and his eventualRead More Socrates Defense Essay843 Words   |  4 PagesThey begin by telling everyone not to be deceived and to take caution because Socrates is a â€Å"clever speaker†. According to Socrates, the difference between him and his accusers is that he speaks the truth. He is on trial for two items, which include, corrupting the youth and impiety. Socrates tells everyone that he has no experience with the court and he will speak the way he is used to by being honest and direct. Socrates explains that hi s behavior is from the oracle of Apollo at Delphi. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Read MoreThe Socrates Defense Speech755 Words   |  4 PagesIn Socrates defense speech there were certain parts that could have influenced the jury to judge him as guilty and sentenced him to death. The first time Socrates words failed him in this way was when he said that there was no one wiser than him according to the Pythia (Lines 21a). The jury mostly likely interpreted this as, if a man who is of such low class is â€Å"wiser† than them then that must mean they know nothing. The jury probably took offense to this because they all felt they had known theirRead MoreThe Trial of Socrates: an Analysis and Construction of Socrates Defense2369 Words   |  10 PagesThe Trial of Socrates: An Analysis and Construction of Socrates Defense Understanding the decisions made by the jurymen in Socrates trial will always be a mystery, but one can perceive why some would have voted the way that they did. Politically and historically Athens was a thriving place of innovation and philosophical advancements. Athens could very well be divided, morally on various aspects, one of them being which â€Å"political† affiliation Athenians related themselves with. Some choicesRead MoreEssay about Defense of Socrates595 Words   |  3 Pages Plato’s â€Å"Defense of Socrates† follows the trial of Socrates for charges of corruption of the youth. His accuser, Meletus, claims he is doing so by teaching the youth of Athens of a separate spirituality from that which was widely accepted. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Socrates’ argument was unique in that he tried to convince the jury he was just an average man and not to be feared, but in actuality demonstrated how clever and tenacious he was. He begins with an anecdote of his visit to the OracleRead MoreSocrates (Defense), the Apology Essay1014 Words   |  5 PagesSocrates – â€Å"The Apology† or (Defense) Socrates had no written work, never had a job and there are questions of whether he was even literate. However, Plato was a student of Socrates and recorded what occurred at his death trial. Socrates asked lots of questions and made people with political power look stupid. At no time during his trial does he claim to be innocent. He (attacks his accuser instead) There were two types of charges brought against him. - The new or (Official) ChargesRead MoreSocrates Systematic Defense Essay2053 Words   |  9 PagesPlatos Apology begins with the opening statements of Socrates. The jurymens ears are still ringing with the sound of his accusers well-crafted arguments, and the stage is set for Socrates to defend himself. The reputable orator surprisingly begins his defense by stating that he is not going to â€Å"toy with words† but will argue his case with the first words that come to mind (17c). The tension becomes evident as Socrates systematic defense leads him to contradict his opening statements and undermineRead MoreThe Defense Of Socrates, Euthyphro, And Crito Essay2308 Words   |  10 PagesThe Defense of Socrates Essay In the book Plato: The Defense of Socrates, Euthyphro, and Crito, Socrates is accused and taken to court on the charges of corrupting the youth, impiety, and his slandering of orators. His accusers most notably Meletus, Anytus, and Lycon have all requested that Socrates be trailed and punished under the law for his crimes. During Socrates’ trail he is given a chance to explain himself against the accusations which he is being convicted under. IfRead MoreSocrates Defense Against The Criticism Of Plato s Apology2077 Words   |  9 PagesAfter the introductory remarks, Plato’s Apology continues with Socrates’ defense against the â€Å"First Accusations,† because his accusers are many, and of all ages: the older accusers have persuaded the youth to speak and think badly of Socrates, and given that they were at an age of influence, the lesson stuck. The old accusations that Socrates has to address first and foremost are: â€Å"Socrates is guilty of wrongdoing in that he busies himself studying things in the sky and below the earth; he makes

Ageism and the Elderly - 2651 Words

Ageism and the Elderly Decrepit, senile, over the hill, old fart or slow driver are often the words you hear when referring to â€Å"the elderly†. In 1969, Robert Butler, the first director of the National Institute on Aging was the first to use the term â€Å"ageism† to describe the stereotyping of people because of their age. The term ageism contains a negative bias or attitude toward the aging. This it a form of discrimination. While there is other ‘isms used in American society; sexism, or racism, ageism enables the younger generation to see older people differently, they may be seen as just old people who are no longer able to actively contribute to society. When is a person considered to be old or elderly? There was a time when you†¦show more content†¦Other countries, like Japan and China consider their older citizens honorable and are treated with respect and honor. There are very few retirement homes in these countries because these families honor their elders and t hrive on the wisdom they can offer. So when they are unable to care themselves family members step in and take care of them. Society put’s people into classifications. Even though there are laws to protect classification (also known as stereotyping) it is done every day, there are classifications for race, religion, even sexual orientation. So as people progress through life their classification also changes; start school, age 4; graduate high school and attend college, age 18; graduate from college and procure gain full-time employment, age 25; stop working, age 65. So unless you die at a young age everyone will experienced some sort-of ageism. Ageism can be inflicted upon oneself. Our society worships youthfulness and to be young you need to be sexy, full of energy, somewhat thin and no wrinkles. So since most seniors are none of those they tend to feel less than worthy, isolated, and become depressed. These can cause a decline in mental and physical capabilities leading to just giving up. Because of financial responsibility most seniors started working at young ages. With the companies changing to more technology capabilities they have been forced to cut cost and workforce.Show MoreRelatedAgeism : A Social Perspective About The Elderly Essay2471 Words   |  10 PagesAgeism is a term that refers to a set of beliefs about age. Ageism is a type of stereotyping that relate to prejudgment or discrimination against any particular age group and is viewed as a negative perspective about the elderly. Ageism supposes that the elderly is no longer able to contribute to society in a meaningful way, and drain the broader society’s resources because of a continuous decline in health and well-being. (Women s Health Encyclopedia, 2011) Studies like the Census Bureau statisticsRead MoreAgeism : Prejudice Or Discrimination Against A Particular Age Group And Especially The Elderly1960 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to the online dictionary, Merriam Webs ter (2015) ageism is â€Å"prejudice or discrimination against a particular age group and especially the elderly.† Ageism is a form of stereotyping that can be pernicious to organisations by creating a platform for discrimination and further conflict. Ageism occurs quite regularly within organisations, whether it is directly or unknowingly, and intervention methods need to be employed to stop this conflict from arising. Stereotypes have long been prevalentRead MoreAgeism, By Robert M. Butler1589 Words   |  7 Pagesresource themselves†, this being a common interpretation many have on elderly because of Ageism (Irving, 2015, p. 72). The term â€Å"Ageism† was developed in 1969 by Robert M. Butler, the director of the District of Columbia Advisory Committee on Aging (SOURCE). Ageism, meaning, the prejudice and discrimination against older people (Macionis, 2014, pg.104), has been an un-noticed growing stereotype. When many think of becoming an elderly they mostly think of the things you can’t do any more. This point exactlyRead MoreThe Effects Of Ageism On The Delivery Of Nursing Care For The Older Person1736 Words   |  7 Pagesprovide the audience with an understanding of ageism in healthcare by critically analyzing the impact of ageism on the delivery of nursing care for the older person. This essay will be based from the perspective of the impact of a registered nurse’s ageist behaviour on the older patient, the nursing care of the older patient and the impact on colleagues in the health care team. This essay will also discuss theories and relevant principles of ageism, nursing care and the health care environmentRead MoreDiscrimmination against the Elderly Essay955 Words   |  4 Pages(1975) was one of the first writers on ageism and he defined it as â€Å"a process of systematic stereotyping of and discrimination against people because they are old. . . . Old people are categorized as senile, rigid in thought and manner, old fashioned in morality and skills† (p. 35). Ageism is a form of oppression of elders by youth and adults. Ageism intersects with classism and sexism to produce differences in distribution of retirement resources for the elderly. Women of all ethnic groups live longerRead MoreAgeism : Stereotypes And Stereotyping Of Older People Today Essay1178 Words   |  5 PagesAgeism is a popular and important topic to discuss as it represents a great issue in today’s society. The article â€Å"Ageism in America† focuses on the biases and stereotyping of older people here in America. The elderly is highly discriminated against and we tend to not realize this enough. Ageism is an ever growing concern in the United States and is an issue that needs to be resolved. There is a concern of what will become of ageism in the future. The term ageism is based on an individuals or societiesRead MorePositive and Negative Effects of Ageism Essay1041 Words   |  5 Pages Ageism, the Third Great â€Å"ism† â€Å"Ageism has been called the ultimate prejudice, the last discrimination, the cruelest rejection,† Stein (unpublished). We as a people have defeated for the most part racism and sexism, but we have allowed the third great â€Å"ism† to remain unchallenged. â€Å"This widely practiced prejudice has gone on for generations and is known as ageism,† (Palmore, Erdman, Ballagh (1999). By definition, according to Webster’s Dictionary, it is discrimination against person’s of a certainRead MoreAgeism Essay881 Words   |  4 PagesToday, elderly people in the United States are isolated from the rest of the world. Most of them live in nursing homes where they are far away from their families. Others live by themselves where they have no family members visiting them and leaving them to take care of everything. Some researchers believe that ageism, in the form of negative stereotypes, directly affects longevity. In a study published by the American Psyc hological Association, Yale School of Public Health professor Becca Levy andRead MoreAgeism : A Social Injustice1322 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Ageism is a form of discrimination most commonly experienced by the elderly, and because of that, it is unjustly overlooked. It may not capture the same level of universal attention as other forms of discrimination, such as racism or sexism, but it is a social injustice all the same. The elderly population is stereotyped and discriminated against on the basis of their age in almost all aspects of life. They are discriminated against in the workforce, in the healthcare system, in theirRead MoreTerror Management Theory Applied To Ageism In Film1554 Words   |  7 PagesTerror Management Theory applied to Ageism in Film Frida Ramirez Lone Star College – University Park Terror Management Theory applied to Ageism in Film Ageism (prejudice toward the elderly) is becoming a pressing issue as the population of adults over sixty proliferates (Levy Macdonald, 2016, p. 5). Enforcers of ageist stereotypes include the mainstream film industry. By enforcing a negative stereotype, the media subconsciously implements fear of growing old and ultimately dying among its viewers

Global Warming Hoax free essay sample

Global Warming: The Hoax of the 21st Century I Buena Vista University I Bridget M. Broodier I Abstract This essay takes a closer look into what Global Warming really consists of, or if it even exists at all. It will uncover proven scientific research that shows the truths behind the politics, provide data of the actual recorded climate changes, and explain why the Going Green policies are Just a scam to make additional money off consumers as well as a scare tactic for the government to gain control. Global Warming Hoax The Darwinism symbol http://housewarmings. Wordless. Com/2010/04/05/the-meaning-of-the-Christian- Since the beginning of time, the human population has been quick to realize that scare tactics are effective at making sure control is accomplished. One of the very first, or most famous, hoax stories belonged to the Roman Empire. They worried that the poor would start to rise against and even possibly conquer the Empire so they started to teach redemption. They taught the citizens that if they worked hard and stayed loyal to their residing government, then they would be sent to a wonderful and peaceful after life, but if they turned against them, then they would be sent to a eerie pit to rot for eternity. More recently, the hoax of the twentieth century was the idea of evolution, known as Darwinism, by Charles Darwin. Darwin not only brought up an exotic idea but also had scientific proof to back up his theories. Why did these hoax stories work? Because they brought up the exact things that people did not want to discuss, it stirred things up to say the least. What do these two hoax stories have in common? There actually is a lot in common with both of these stories, but the main element is that they come very close to contradicting each other. The first story remises an eternal prosperous life as long as there is a lifetime dedicated to loyalty to their government. The second story swears that humans evolved from the nature around us. The connection: religion versus government. H. L. Mencken said The whole aim of practical politics is to keep the populace alarmed (and hence clamorous to be led to safety) by menacing it with an endless series of hobgoblins, all of them imaginary. (Buchanan, 2010). Global warming is the biggest hoax of the 21st century. One tot the strongest sales points tot the global warming hoax is that the human race s making the world temperatures rise, which will have a domino effect ultimately resulting in the end of the world, unless we do something about it. One point that never is mentioned in the Going Green Campaigns is the fact that in the last 1. 6 million years there have been 63 alternations between warm and cold climates, and no indication that any of them were caused by changes in carbon dioxide levels (Contorts, 2010). Figure 2: The beneficial element of carbon dioxide in the oxygen cycle. Http://water. Me. Vics. Dude/concepts/kilocycle. HTML The major cause for this global warming that is negative has been blamed on carbon dioxide (CA). According to Harvard astrophysicist Sallies Balsas, the added CA in the atmosphere may actually benefit the world because more CA helps plants grow (Stolen 2007). This is a very beneficial statement added to the debate, mainly because the Green advocates want to a im their green tactics at eliminating carbon dioxide, but without carbon dioxide in the world nothing could be green. See figure two that shows how carbon dioxide is a beneficial element of the oxygen cycle on earth. Over the preceding million years, climate and carbon dioxide levels have ranged, but even at much higher CA levels than todays, life still has flourished Could, 2012). Also, another significant negative factor said to cause this major climate change are greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases, dictionary definition, are gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation. They include carbon dioxide (CA), methane (CHI), nitrous oxide (NON), and water vapor. Other than carbon dioxide, the other gases are almost never mentioned. However, water vapor is a strong greenhouse gas and accounts for at least ninety-five percent of any greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide accounts for about three percent, and the engaging two percent is a combination of methane and nitrous oxide. However, for having such a huge part of the cause to this problem, water vapor is hardly acknowledged; instead the focus stays on carbon dioxide because it can be considered attributed to human activities. Figure 3 http://www. Americanization. Com/2011107/ the_global_warming_hoax_how_soon_we_forget. HTML In addition, another factor of the global warming viewpoint states that the temperatures are steadily rising. According to William Heaper, Princeton physics professor, global temperatures have increased by around four-fifths of one degree Celsius since the Little Ice Age of the early 1800. Some of that warming has probably come from increased amounts of CA, but the timing o f the warming much of it before CA levels had increased appreciably suggests that a substantial fraction of the warming is from natural causes that have nothing to do with mankind (Could, 2012). The main focus of blaming human activities for the varying temperatures has been proven to be false numerous times, yet no one ever brings up the research studies that have shown how the climates have changed and varied over the past few entities, as a part of nature not because of human activities. Prior to what is known as the Little Ice Age, which lasted from approximately the early asses through the mid asses, there was a period now called the Medieval Warm Period from 900-1300 A. D. This period has been suggested to comparable with the warming in the twenty- first century according to a 2 study (Swenson, 2 See Figure three that snows the past ten thousand years climate change. Figure 4: Normal melting from a Antarctica glacier, as you can also see the different layers in the glacier from prior letting refreezing. Http://news. Softwoods. Com/newswoman/Most-Glaciers-Len- The-World-Melting-2. Jpg/ Human activities have also been blamed for causing the ice caps of Antarctica to start melting. The fact behind this is that the glaciers are still covering the continent, contrary to what some have said. Glaciers have been receding and growing regularly for hundreds of years. The most recent glacier melting has been noted as a consequence of coming out of the Little Ice Age in the mid asses. Scientists know of at least thirty-three periods of glaciers growing and retreating; its armor (Swenson, 2011). This has been shown by the different layers that make up a glacier; each layer has been from the melting and refreezing stages. See figure four that shows the actual melting process along with the side of the glacier that displays the different layers it consists of from various melting and refreezing eras. While we hear endless arguments over the Arctic ice cap, we hear very little about a 2009 British Antarctica Survey that the sea ice cap has been expanding by one-hundred- thousand square kilometers (62,138 miles roughly) a decade for the last thirty years. This translates into about thirty-eight hundred miles of new ice every year (Buchanan, 2010). Figure 5: Political cartoon of Green politics. Http://Junior. Bloodspot. Com/2012/06/mandating-theoretical-hypothetical. HTML This also points out a very valid question: can we trust the statistics we hear on television? Now, well trying not to sound like a conspiracy theory, facts have to be presented. These facts include skewed statistics and scientists. According to Texas Governor Rick Perry There are a substantial number of scientists who have manipulated data so they would have dollars rolling into their projects (Miller, 2011). This is a great objection to validate, especially since scientific grants and funding are based on an as needed basis, so if there is no need or at least a minute chance of being seen necessary then there will not be money delegated to it. So, in order to research this Global Warming project further in-depth, and to have the funding to make that possible, scientists know they must make it an alarming issue. Instead of basing the research on existing facts that the earth has climate changing cycles or that nature is the main cause of the issues at hand, they can blame it on human activities to start a trickle-down effect. Why does the public not ever get to hear this information? Dry. Sallies Bilingual said it perfectly, Its the money! Twenty-five billion dollars in government funding has been spent since 1990 to research global warming. If scientists and researchers were coming out releasing reports that global warming has little to do with man and most to do with Just how the planet works, there wouldnt be as much money to study it (Stolen, 2007). The scientific alternatives that have been approved and distributed to the public as green products also bring up a point to challenge. The most debatable product on the environmentally friendly production line is the compact florescent light bulb. These products specifically are costly and contain a significant hazardous potential as it contains mercury. This meaner consumers must take extra steps to maintain their own personal health and safety. One step in this process is ensuring consumers have correct knowledge tot now to dispose tot the bulbs when they do burn out or what steps to take if a bulb was to break around them. This is knowledge that every consumer may not have access to, therefore creating a hazard to the general populace. The Green movement has had several political benefits as well. While there have been many political debates over the global changes, many campaigns have been based on being environmentally friendly. The chances of these programs being taken to congress after election are few and far between, but the potential cost to the country of implementing each program is way beyond the billions if not trillions of dollars, but that is the fine print that no one reads as they vote (Miller, 2011). Congressional debates over these programs constantly exist, therefore writing a program into law seldom happens. While each candidate vows to be conscious of the surrounding environment, each program that gets released normally consists of some damage to the environment or, even worse, has harmful effects to the population. These are the items that are never mentioned. Http://American. Com/ archive/2008/November-11-08/why-biomasss-greener-Jojobas-plan-wont- work/ In 2011, for instance, President Barack Obama was fighting the sky rocketing unemployment rates in the United States. As an attempt to stick to the green agenda and tackle unemployment rates he launched a plan targeted to create Green Jobs. This involved creating more energy efficient production, environmental specialists, as well as tree and landscaping opportunities and much more that would require labor, therefore fulfilling a sizeable portion of the unemployed. The main issue of this was that there were not enough funds to delegate to projects that were seen as unnecessary. This created such a disruption and large debate among congress that most agreed that the foundation of Beams Green Jobs approach to the unemployment issue, since the very concept of Green Jobs is Just as bogus as the idea of a carbon footprint (Swenson, 2011). On the other end of the spectrum there are several political faces that are willing to stand up and say no to the Global Warming bandwagon. For example Senator James Invoke, the ranking member on the Senate Environmental and Public Works Committee, has spent the last eight years battling over climate change and predications of catastrophic events due to global warming are a hoax (Frill, 2010). This signifies a positive change in the political aspect, however it takes more than one person to make a change. In addition to the causes and effects of global climate changes, there is yet another section that largely gets brought up for debate: world population. Proponents of global warming warn that the global population is growing so rapidly that it soon will become unstable, which in turn will help lead to climate increases and ultimately the end of the world. Rest assured that that will not be happening anytime soon. According to Hanna Kiloton, Director of the Nuns Population Division, world population is on a path towards non-explosion. Woman on average are having far fewer children and high fertility rates only affect sixteen percent of the [global] population (Harvey, 2011). Http://teaching-]iambi. Bloodspot. Com/ Knowledge is the key to take precautions steps to prevent over populating the world Knowledge is power. This has been the main goal for the past few decades with gradual success. More women are gaining their independence and ability to make family planning choices. According to the United Nations, an increase in family planning meaner the worlds population is predicted to level off at around 9. Billion during the middle of this century, before beginning to decline (Harvey, 2011). With worldwide education on family planning, as well as growing availability of health are, population can soon be stabilized and has no chance of threatening our world. As of the end of October 2011, the global population is estimated to have reached seven billion people. On a global scale, every ten seconds, forty-four people are born (Harvey, 2011). At first glance that seems unbelievable, astonishing, or maybe even unreal. As Americans it is difficult for anything to go beyond our view of the norm or what we are taught as the American Dream consisting of a normal eight to five Job, single family home with the white-picket fence, married couple with precisely two hillier (one boy, one girl). It is challenging to imagine that anything close to a family of twenty could be normal to a family found in Africa or even something as exotic as women not having a choice in family planning yet alone birth control methods; simply put, they hardly even have knowledge of these bizarre issues. Now after learning about the global birth rates, which is the only thing the global warming advocates will publish, take into consideration the global mortality rates. To make the mortality rate easier to understand or have on the same scale as the birth ate, globally every ten seconds, roughly eighteen people die (Marshall, 2007). To simplify theses statistics or to make them easier to understand see the chart below. This shows that our population is not necessarily headed for self-destruction, in fact looking at the difference in birth and death rates, it keeps a positive balance. The ice caps of Antarctica have a long history of melting and refreezing, they are Just going through a mild melting phase, but still have new area freezing daily. The desired demise of carbon dioxide is an oxymoron, as it is a vital aspect of the oxygen cycle that actually keeps the world stay green, not destroying life. The Green Movement is great way for consumers to save some money on their energy bills, but there is certainly not a promise tot the world coming to an end it you do not buy enough energy efficient light bulbs or a Pries. In conclusion, real science has proven Global Warming to be the hoax of the twenty-first century. On a global level, there does need to be changes made, but these changes will improve the quality of life as a whole, not save our world from a political scare epidemic. History has proven the real facts behind the existing changes in our world, as well as the history of political hoax stories. No matter what year it is, there will always be a story that can change someones mind enough to rebel and that is how scare tactics began, to regain control. This essay serves as a way to show more than Just the skewed facts and statistics that are out there being published by greedy scientists. A final goal is to make readers more aware of the information that are fed to them, and in hopes to remind everyone to question what they hear before setting it as fact. In the end, as Paul Harvey always said: and now you know the rest of the story (Could, 2012).

Passing Essays - Harlem Renaissance, American Literature, Passing

Passing By Nella Larsen Sexual and Racial Tension in Larsen's Passing Clare Kendry and Irene Redfield are the two main characters in Nella Larsen's Passing. We do not learn about the both of them by seeing or hearing the story from a neutral point of view. Rather, we are subject to envision the entire novel from behind the eyes of only one of these characters, Irene. At first, forcing the reader to suspend themselves in only one of these two complex minds may seem like a biased action on the part of the author. However, as we read further into the book, we soon discover that the limited third-person view is necessary to bring both of these figures to life. This is because Irene's perspective thrives off of Clare. Despite the fact that each have heavily contrasting personalities. Irene's vivid but seemingly painful descriptions of Clare only augment the racial and sexual tension that exists between them. From the very first page of the book, it is clear that Irene Redfield's personality clashes with Clare Kendry's. The moment Irene spies the second letter Clare has sent her, dressed up in "Italian paper...out of place and alien" (Larsen 9), it is obvious that there are many differences between these two young women. As the book progresses further, we soon learn more and more why Irene's feelings of resentment towards Clare are justifiable. Growing up, Clare had "never been exactly one of the group" (Larsen 20) and always wanted more out of life. Her desires and light skin eventually landed her in the "other world," passing off as white. Irene finds especially shocking how Clare could just drop her entire heritage like a brick and live with someone who considers African-Americans "black scrimy devils" (Larsen 40). Here we see the first signs of racial and sexual tension that exists between the two women. Irene is upset at Clare not only for completely denying and neglecting her own race, but also for letting herself be drawn to a man who does not appreciate her for who she is. Although Irene sometimes passes herself as white for certain perks in life, such as eating in fancy restaurants or associating with high class people, she still has kept most of her African-American ties in tact by marrying a upper class black man. There is sexual tension existing at this point as well. Sex is a forbidden and terrifying thing for young ladies who are passing. In Clare's case, there is fear. Fear that a black child may be conceived and her secret may be revealed. For Irene, sex is risky. She has set up such a perfect lifestyle with her husband and two kids that another child could threaten to ruin that. As the story continues, we see a roller coaster relationship forming between Clare and Irene. At various points in the book, they are the best of friends and the worst of enemies. However, one omnipresent theme remains throughout the story: the fact that Irene is constantly drawn back to Clare, regardless of what shenanigans she pulls. After her first incident with Clare, Irene vows that "[she] is through with Clare Kendry" (Larsen 31). Yet, it is not too far down the road when Irene once again finds herself drawn back to Clare. And like clockwork, she once again finds herself mortified by Clare's behavior, this time for supposedly having an affair with her husband. There is an obvious reason why Irene is constantly drawn back to Clare. She is sexually attracted and fascinated by her. Every time she talks about Clare, it is in a vivid and almost seductive way. The sexual attraction also goes both ways. Clare longs to return to her roots as a black person and stop living a life of secrecy. She expresses this desire through her allure towards Irene. The hints of sexual tension existing between these two women are peppered throughout the novel: "looking at the woman before her, Irene Redfield had a sudden inexplicable onrush of affectionate feeling..." (Larsen 65), "Clare's ivory face was what it always was, beautiful and caressing..." (Larsen 92). Clare's husband finally confronts her for being black. Even then, Irene is the last one to hold onto Clare before she falls out of a window and kills herself. Although Irene would admit that she only held Clare's arm to resist her freeing herself of her husband, I believe that Irene was attracted to her in an unconscious way and her first instinct was to protect Clare's safety. Thus, there is a

The use of metaphors Essays

The use of metaphors Essays The use of metaphors Essay The use of metaphors Essay The use of metaphors The use of metaphors plays an incredible role in creating a mental picture as applied in literal statements. As a result, it makes it easier for people to understand a given concept. A comparison drawn between a given phenomenon such as a natural attribute to a particular situation. A good example is portrayed in this statement, as dark as the night. By just stating this, one gets a clue or rather have an idea of how dark the night is thus can as well draw a comparison. The use of metaphors has thus been applied in various cultures and used as an analytical tool (Athanasiadou 12).A good example portrayed in a Chinese metaphor about the human body seen as a container. A similarity is seen between English and Chinese but at times also contradict by the way they use certain metaphors. According to the westerners, a different belief does exist, for instance, a sharp contrast drawn between the role played by their cultures. While the may all express their emotions they at times differ in the way they do it. Culture defines the rules and structure that a group of people follows to interpret and understand behaviors because ethnographic studies believe that cultural differences have social consequences when evaluating emotions. One of the best examples of this is when an individual from the Eskimo community of Utku depicts any form of sadness; ostracized because it is considered to be a taboo to show any signs of anger. There is no universal way of regulating responses, but different cultures have unwritten codes used to regulate expressions and the most common way is through the socialization process which either entails dialectical thinking or through emphasizing on positive thinking over negative thinking in the society. In Western culture, the most notable way of regulating it is through teaching positive thinking through discouraging negative thinking while in Eastern culture, they emphasize on dialectical thinking. All these aspects referred to as a social script that different cult ure uses to define the desirable forms of expression. One can learn and adapt to the shape of cultural expression that is beneficial to the culture they represent when taught at a tender age. In the previous century the notion of schema was highly explanatory across different disciplines such as cognitive science, artificial intelligence, linguistics, and anthropology. Cultural schemas play the role of interpreting meanings of diverse cultures and the structures of their mode of communication in the society. A good example of how schemes work is in the way that people do things in a restaurant setup where one has to order, get served, pay the bill or even tip the waiter and so on (Sharifian, 2008). In many cultures, cultural schemas are similar to each other but the manner in which things done differs in many ways, and the same case applies to cultural conceptualization of language across cultures. Language also differs from one group to another especially when it comes to its definition and relationship with emotions and conceptualization of language and culture. The other aspect of cultural conceptualization that is crucial in understanding the relationship between cultural linguistics and culture is the concept of a cultural category which is an essential human cognitive activity across different cultures. Analysis The use of metaphor has been carried on since long ago; as a result, people compared actual human experience in their bodies with abstract objects and meant to enhance understanding now that it was possible to relate to such objects. The study has also attracted a lot of research with many now seeking to gain more understand as to why men decided to make use of such a stylistic feature. Despite there being different cultures in play a lot of similarities are also drawn. While focusing on happiness apart from just associating it with an expression, happiness is up. Several expressions are also created, such as; one saying he is feeling up, being high in spirit, trying to keep ones spirit high, come on just to name a few. These are used in English but imply the same thing. On the other hand, the Chinese also have similar expressions thus imply they are applied conventionally. From the analysis, the relation between emotion and culture can be well defined while looking at the definition of a cultural syndrome. It is a shared set of norms, beliefs, values and attitudes arranged around a theme shared by speakers of one language, at a given period in a particular geographical region. There are different ways in which people are expected to feel and express their feelings across diverse cultures and in different experiences such as weddings and funerals among other events in life. Different cultures value different emotions because there are those cultures that highly uphold the emotional expression of happiness than others as much as it is a desirable emotional expression across cultures. Some cultures have more individualistic views than others, and this means that they view emotions such as happiness as an individual based while other cultures see it as an experience that comes after sharing a special experience with someone or with a group of people. Ameri cans view happiness as an individual feeling of expression that can also enhanced through sharing a special relationship with someone else in the society. Comparative analysis on sadness A comparative study on metaphors touching on grief on different touching on different cultures is conducted. In this case, a comparison is drawn from the Chinese approach and English. Various researchers have also done. While gauging the human experience; one comes to realize how such cultures have a great influence on how they deal with sadness. In most cases, many approached it differently (Yi 11). As highlighted with by scholars, many differences were also identified, despite some exhibiting the same literal meaning they did imply the same thing. Metaphors were treated as a linguist tool used to pass a given message with a hidden meaning. The emotion was on the other hand used to portray how one felt while sad. It also manifested how one felt, thus likely to take tell once mode from the way they acted. Despite a lot of research being done about sadness, many focused on anger. As a result, many rarely took a time to study depression which also shows why the study on sadness was not sufficient. A lot of attention was, however, focused on happiness. While gauging the two languages one can realize that little was done thus leading to insufficient research (Li 206). Method While going about the research, different approaches were used to try and describe sadness. Materials were also sort from both Persian as well as English. In the attempt to come up with a great finding, different sources were also used. A good example portrayed when idioms, as well as Persian expression, are considered. It was found out that sadness commonly used in English as compared to Chinese. While sad, many showcased different attributes. One could also easily tell by the way they acted. At times, some would respond sluggishly some even associated sadness with low. From the metaphor, sadness is low, a common sign seen is dropped shoulders while sad.It also explains why many are likely to say they are feeling low when sad (Mashak 200). Sadness is associated with darkness, as seen from this metaphor, sadness is dark. It is associated with darkness owing to those experiencing such an emotion seeking to go in less bright places. On the other hand, those going through a jovial mode, however, love bright places and thus exhibit happiness. While comparing the two cultures, they also embrace the same belief. In English, much associate sadness with colors too as seen from the expression of one feeling blue. In Persian, many however associate the black color with sadness (Sun 175). Happiness Many are aware of the role played by happiness in various societies while dealing with human emotion. A study conducted on how it applies from two different cultural perspectives. As a result, many can gain understanding on their application. The attempt is used to identify the existing similarities as well as perceived differences between them. InEnglish, happiness is always associated with being up. In other words, one is likely to exhibit an erected posture; it is also the same in Chinese. Happiness is associated with a container filled with fluid. While comparing the two cultures they all view the human body as a container. In different occasions, happiness is seen as a reaction when one is happy thus likely to be showcased by individual physically. Many differences also are drawn concerning happiness. As a result of differing cultural perspectives, one is likely to see this reflected in how the two cultures react to pleasure (Yan Dirk 40). A universal sign of happiness is seen by how the eyes, as well as eyebrows, react when one is happy. In Chinese, many do portray raised eyebrows when happy but can as well represent relaxed eyes. In other words, an individuals mode is likely to be seen from how he reacts. ;;;;;;;;;;;Apart from just likening happiness to a fluid container, several metaphors were also developed and included expressions like; an individual saying that his heart is full of joy, or rather busting with joy, being overwhelmed with joy just to name a few. The same applies to Chinese metaphors now that the human frame also is seen as a container. In as much as the two shared these similarities, there also existed many differences. Just to illustrate this example, happiness is seen as if its elevated from the ground. On the other hand, it was also viewed as a flower in ones heart. A good example is depicted in an expression, being in the clouds, soaring, floating, as well as feet of the ground as applied in the use of metaphors. While comparing these with the Chinese view some associated such an expression, off the ground, with a proud individual. It is one of the greatest examples of given so far. Conclusion Often, the role of facial expression in the communication is debatable, and this is because cultural lessons affect the manner in which people react to different events in life. Facial expressions do not necessary have to reflect what an individual is thinking simply because a lot has changed in the modern society; different expressions may mean something else. By studying cultural metaphors one is likely to understand how different, different cultures approach this issue thus able to arrive at a proper conclusion. Work Cited Sharifian, Farzad (ed.). The Routledge handbook of language and culture. New York: Routledge. 2015. Sharifian, Farzad. Cultural Linguistics. In Farzad Sharifian (ed.), The Routledge handbook of language and culture,473492. New York: Routledge. 2015. Sharifian, Farzad, Rene Dirven, Ning Yu Susanne Neiemier (eds.). Culture, body, and language: Conceptualizations of internal body organs across cultures and languages. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter. 2008. Sharifian, Farzad Gary B. Palmer (eds.). Applied Cultural Linguistics: Implications for second language learning and intercultural communication. Amsterdam. 2007. John Benjamins, Sharifian, Farzad, Judith RochecousteIan G. Malcolm. 2004. Itwas all a bit confusing: Comprehending Aboriginal English texts. Language, Culture, and Curriculum 17(3). 203228. Sharifian, Farzad, Adriano Truscott, Patricia Konigsberg, Glenys C. Collard Ian G. Malcolm. Understanding stories my way: Aboriginal-English speaking students (mis)understanding of school literacy materials in Australian English. East Perth, WA: Department of Education. 2012. Siahaan, Poppy. Did he break your heart or your liver? A contrastive. 2008. Yi, Sun. A Research into the Motivation of Experiential Philosophy and Cultural Idiosyncrasies in the Domain of English-Chinese Emotion Metaphors [J]. Foreign Language Education 1. 2010. Li, Xiuzhi. Conceptual metaphor theory and teaching of English and Chinese idioms. Journal of Language Teaching and Research 1.3. 2010. Mashak, Shahrzad Pirzad, Abdolreza Pazhakh, and Abdolmajid Hayati. A comparative study on basic emotion conceptual metaphors in English and Persian literary texts. International Education Studies 5.1. 2012. Sun, Hong-mei. The Cognitive Study of Metaphor and its Application in English Language Teaching/Letude Cognitive De La Metaphore Et Son Application Dans Lenseignement De Langlais. Canadian Social Science 6.4. 2010. Yan, Ding, Dirk Noel, and Hans-Georg Wolf. Patterns in metaphor translation: a corpus-based case study of the translation of FEAR metaphors between English and Chinese. 2010.

Children Development1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Children Development1 - Essay Example Childhood development is a stage by stage process that where a child develops the ability to do different things in life as he grows mature. Development just like growth is dependent on the age of the child (Kyla, 2008). A child development can be classified into certain stages of skills development which are: the gross motor here the child learns to use muscle to sit, walk and balance. The fine monitor where a child by using hands is able to eat, play and do other things. Language develops where a child can understand and use the body language in communication. The cognitive skills that include learning, understanding and reasoning. Lastly, the social skill where the child interacts with the family and develops relationship with the family members The respondents were chosen from a group of 8-18 years aged pupils from the primary schools and the secondary school in the Baltimore state. Each group was interviewed separately and comfort was provided to ensure the responses obtained were as natural as possible. Same set of questions were asked to the members of each group in order to determine if there exists any variation and the extent of the variation. Among the questions asked was the name of the respondent. The younger respondent replied in term of only the name while the older respondent replied in that respect in addition to including the gender and the age in years. Secondly they were asked about their preferred sport the younger respondent replied indicating the name of the friend who was preferred in playing while the older respondent include in addition to the sport other variety of sports he would most likely be playing if not his best post. They were also asked about their any other preferred activities and also the ir hobbies. The younger respondent said she liked reading but did not specify the book she also talked of making models of cartoons. Ten older respondent replied the a he liked reading specific genre of books and doping other activities like listening g to music , learning French, and following the football news, he also expressed his emotions towards his friends and parents . Similarly he expressed his hopes for a future career. Results The replies given by these two pupils' shows a variation in the detail given per the question asked. The younger respondent gave less detail and normally answered the questions just with reference to the question asked. The older pupil included some more details in the answer, provided usually giving a diverse background and including some more details which helped the interviewer get a better understanding of the respondent. Additionally, the older pupil expressed his emotions more clearly with clear reason as to why these thoughts are that way. The responses of the older pupil were based on his own self analysis and thoughts rather that including a second party in the response given. Discussions The observations according to Rosenberg were found to apply with regard to the responses given in each question asked. The younger respondents usually answered the questions asked based on their physical features and activities. The answer given to the question on age was definite and a fact. Similarly the replies showed the achievement that pupils have obtained and a specific preference to the pupil. Similarly the younger pupil replies indicated their possessions and their physical attributes. On the other hand the

Evaluate a classic study in psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evaluate a classic study in psychology - Essay Example Classic studies have been conducted to reveal the reason for the variations in accuracy of numerical detail regarding an event, particularly if it is tragic in nature like an accident. Interestingly, the variations observed in the different accounts seem to be dependent on some factors which influence the narrators’ judgment. In this study, one of such factors has been discussed to demonstrate the extent of influence by variables on the recalling of details resulting in reconstruction. According to Gruber and Goschke (2004), human cognition processes incorporating language and memory are complex behavioural and functional processes. In the findings, the authors reported that the human working memory can be divided into two systems distinguished from each other by their neuro-anatomical organization as well as by their evolutionary origin. In this work, it is admissible that the biology of the brain is behind the apparent disconnection between the language and memory of an event. The fact that there exists some division of the brain memory system, as occasioned by the anatomy and evolutionary functionality of the systems acts as a pointer that the human brain is prone to functional disjunctions. Reported details of an incident are therefore subject to the efficiency of the two systems of brain functionality, which evidently have some disconnection. To support this argument, Gruber and Goschke postulated that the two systems relied on different networks; one that su pports and mediates attention while the other mediates language functions. It has been found out that the control of these two systems is done from different centres; one prefrontal parietal and temporal systems dealing with behaviour while the other is controlled by the left hemisphere premotor and parietal region and largely directs language. Language

Failure Analysis Change Strategy Essay Example for Free

Failure Analysis Change Strategy Essay Team â€Å"A† reveals the circumstances regarding the failure analysis of an hotelier and how a CEO leads an organizational change processes to prevent an impending failure of the company. To counterbalance the hotelier business failure analysis, the team discusses the success analysis of Apple Inc. The team identifies each organization’s mission and vision statements with a behavioral theory explanation discussing the success and failure indicators. Research focuses on which specific organizational behavior theories could possibly explain the company’s failure or success, bureaucrat’s roles, and organizational structure and culture. Leading organizational change identifies the most vital areas for change, potential barriers in the changing process, addressing political and power issues, and steps implementing the organizational using the John Kotter’s 8-step plan. Business Failure Analysis Apple’s Mission statement Apple does not clearly define a mission statement. According to Farfan (2014), â€Å"Apple ends their press releases with a statement that resembles what a traditional mission states is expected to be†¦Apple commits to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers around the world through innovative hardware, software and Internet offerings† (The Mission Statement, Global Vision, and Values of Apple, Inc.). Vision. Tim Cook, current CEO of Apple, does not have a simple vision for the company. During a 2009 interview, Cook mentions several values behind the company leading the vision Cook expects; â€Å"We believe that we are on the face of the earth to make great products and that’s not changing, we are constantly focusing on innovating and we believe in the simple, not the complex† (Hull 2012, para. 5). Apple’s Success. Apple’s approach to success bases itself on a  redesign by t he former CEO in 1997, Steve Jobs. Jobs partners with several organizations such as Microsoft and CompUSA forming a strategic alliance with Apple products. According to Finkle and Mallin (2010), Steve Jobs states â€Å"the reason why his companies have become so successful is because they hire the very best people in the world to work for them; his business savvy, negotiation skills, and propensity to take risks enable him to transform technology into companies that flourish† (p. 38). Apple’s leadership style is a major contribution in the company’s success. Charismatic, inspiring, flexible, receptive and free spirit describe former CEO Steve Job’s; constantly challenging employees and influencing a team environment where individuals can voice ideas (Toma and Marinescu, 2013). Apple’s Successful Behavioral Theories. Two behavioral theories contributing to Apples success during Steve Jobs tenure are the top-down creative process and situational â€Å"Zen like† transformational leadership style Job’s runs the organization with. Eliminating layers of bureaucracy enables Apple to conform in a transitioning global market possessing pioneering the technology into new markets. Top-Down Management. During Steve Jobs tenure at Apple, the company incorporates a strong top-down creative process eliminating bureaucracy. This enables information to go directly to Jobs and then filters to sub-teams as specific assignments for completion (Robbins Judge, 2013, p. 506). This process eliminates a top-heavy culture of management increasing product to market response time. Organizational behavior theories mirror the subject matter with which they deal, and people are complex and complicated (Yukl, 2013, p. 15). Situational Leadership. Jobs address the market with a leadership style conforming to market demands. Eliminating a traditional culture of managers within Apple enables Jobs to manage Apple directly and effectively on a global scale. The situational leadership style works for Job’s as the passion toward the company, consumers, and operations are thought of on a global scale. on a cross functional global scale enables the company to adapt to needs and demands on a global scal e. Apple’s Organizational Leadership. Apples role of leadership during the Steve Jobs era concentrates on simplification; taking responsibilities end to end; when behind, leapfrog; put products before profit; dont be a slave to focus  groups; bend reality; impute; push before perfection; know both the big picture and the details; tolerate only A players; engage face to face; combine the humanities with the sciences; and stay hungry and foolish (Isaccson, 2012). Management. Apples managers posses extensive knowledge about the services and products competitors are providing for the market. This ability enables the organization to formulate new ideas raising the bar for their competitors; Apple takes innovation to a new level. Managers and leadership both seek new ideas taking technology into completely new areas. This in conjunction with a completely lean management approach contributes to extraordinary productivity at Apple (Sullivan, 2011). Organizational Structure. Apples organizational structure is simple. There are no committees at Apple, general management is frowned upon, and only one person, the chief financial officer, has a responsibility for costs and expenses that lead to profits and losses (Lashinsky, 2011). Culture. The culture at Apple is very informal and demanding from employees. Rather than a work/life balance many organizations proudly emphasize, Apple makes it clear throughout the organization that it seeks committing, extremely hard-working individuals. An example here on the company website proudly states: This isnt your cushy corporate nine to fiver (Apple, 2014). This reinforcement repeats itself throughout the website instilling a demand for a culture to share an obsession getting every last detail right. Leave your neckties, bring your ideas (Apple, 2014). Innkeepers USA Trust Objectives and Mission Since its bankruptcy and other acquisitions, Innkeepers USA Trust objectives and mission possess no clear definition. Innkeepers USA Trust was widely known as one of leading owners of extended-stay and upscale hotel properties across the United States. In reference to O a real estate investment trust (REIT), Innkeepers USA Trust owns interest in several hotels in many states. The organization’s focal point at one time is to acquire, develop, rebrand, and reposition hotel properties. This organization’s general purpose, prior to failing, is to acquire and develop real estate investments increasing shareholder profit. Behavior theory predicting Innkeepers, USA Failure The companys failures are a result of cutbacks on both business and consumer levels. With decreasing travel, increasing fuel costs, rising energy expense, an abundance of new hotels entering the market, and over $1 billion in debt, Innkeepers USA was forced to file bankruptcy (McCarty Kary, 2010). Preventing the failure of Innkeepers USA Let’s look at some of the vital areas needing change at Innkeepers USA. As property values fall and business dry up during the recession, Innkeeper USA cannot meet financial obligations paying down loans (Aquino, 2011). The organization must restructure and work its way out of bankruptcy. Evolving technology, world cultures, and property employee support need attention in order for the company to be successful. Through the use of evolving technology, the company creates the Hilton performance Advantage system. This system includes a global online service for customers and property owners. Specific customer service sites address every company location throughout the world and staff with employees who are fluent in their native languages. A global e-commerce team and revenue management consolidation center allows property managers to seek guidance from staff specializing in specified sales management and revenue topics. These teams assist with research, strategies, and managemen t needs for individual property owners. Barriers to Change Technology education is one of the largest challenges. The organization organizational strategies to grow the company back to a profitability and sustainability state. As a result of the recession, most organizations decrease and terminate employee travel to minimize expenses. As a result, opportunities for online growth increase reaching customers on a global scale. Cultural issues need attention. Employees fluent in many languages are made available to assist customers in these cultures improving customer care. Each individual property needs evaluations to assess the needs of the demographics; properties cannot be cookie cutter designs. Employee support services create a cultural balance in the company. Educational support is on line; anytime, anywhere a company employee can receive the guidance they seek without waiting. This results from the installation of newer technologies. Power and Political Issues As Innkeepers USA Trust struggles with decreasing room revenue, debt burdens, and liquidity constraints, the real estate investment trust finds itself with power and political issues. Two perspectives of power issues in this organization are the finite and infinite perspective of power. The finite perspective of power is the competitive spirit of an organization that spurs productivity and focuses on winning. Through its competition and power perspective, the organization will ultimately diminish returns; in which Innkeepers USA Trust finds itself in this power struggle by oversupplying new hotels while room revenues are stagnate. Understanding Innkeepers USA Trust power and political struggles, issues require the infinite perspective of power and expert power. An infinite perspective of power seeks to understand that winning or losing is not the main issue. The purpose of an infinite power is to sustain. To sustain Innkeepers USA Trust, Learning Team A suggests acorporate strategy a pproach basing this on skill and knowledge. An example is Apples previous CEO, Steve Jobs. Job’s possess expert power. Job’s first hand involvement with many of Apple’s innovations creates a dependency the company relies on propelling innovation. According to Robbins Judge (2013), expert power is one of the most effective bases of power to influence a company and is positively related to employees satisfaction (p. 416). Implementing Change To successfully implement change within Innkeepers USA Trust, Learning Team A suggests following Dr. John Kotters eight-step process. According to Kotters process, a majority of organizations fail because they do not take a holistic approach that is required to see the change (Robbins Judge, 2013, p.586). The team will establish a sense of urgency creating a compelling reason as to the change, form a powerful coalition leading change, create a new vision to direct change, plan for, create, and reward short term wins that move the organization toward the new vision, reinforce the change by demonstrating the relationships between new behaviors and organizational success (Robbins Judge, 2013, p.586). Conclusion In conclusion, there are many factors in consideration when developing and maintaining a successful organization. It’s important to develop a strategy to meet organizational goals. Looking at the success and failures of existing organizations is an invaluable strategy in developing and maintaining organizational victory. Team â€Å"A† reveals the circumstances regarding the failure analysis of an hotelier and how a CEO leads an organizational change processes to prevent an impending failure of the company, which specific organizational behavior theories could possibly explain the company’s failure or success, and the organizational change identifying the most vital areas for change with recommendations from John Kotter’s 8-step plan. References Aquino, J. (2011).15 Companies that died in the past year: Business Insider, Retrieved June 24, 2014, from http://www.businessinsider.com/15-companies-that-tanked-2011-3?op=1#ixzz35z4L2CQt Farfan, B. (2014). Apple Inc. mission statement is not very innovative and barely a mission at all. Retrieved from http://retailindustry.about.com/od/retailbestpractices/ig/Company-Mission-Statements/Apple-IncMission-Statement.htm Finkle, T. A., Mallin, M. L. (2010). Steve Jobss and Apple Inc. Journal of the International Academy of Case Studies, 16(7), 31-40. Hull, P. (2012). Be visionary. Think big. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/patrickhull/2012/12/19/be-visionary-think-big/ Issacson. W. (2012). The Real Leadership Lessons of Steve Jobss. Retrieved from: hrb.org/2012/04/the-real-leadership-lessons-of-steve-Jobss/-The Real Leadership Lessons of Steve Jobss Harvard Business Review Lashinsky. A. (2011). How Apple Works: Inside the worlds biggest startup. Retrieved from: fortune.com/201/08/25/how-apple-works-inside-the-worlds-biggest-startup-2/-How Apple works: Inside the worlds biggest startup McCarty. D. Kary. T. (2010). Apollo Investments Inkeepers USA Trust Files for Bankruptcy in New York. Retrieved June 29, 2014 from: www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-07-19/inkeepers-usa-apollo-investment-unit-files-for-bankruptcy-in-new-york.html Robbins, S. R. Judge, T. A. (2013). Organizational behavior (15th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Sullivan. J. (2011). Talent Management Lessons from Apple: A Case Study of the worlds most valuable firm. Retrieved from: www.ere.net/2011/09/12/talent-management-lessons-from-apple-a-case-study-of-the-worlds-most-valuable-firm-part-1-of-3/ Toma, S., Ph D., Marinescu, P., Ph D. (2013). Steve Jobss and modern leadership. Manager, (17), 260-269. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1518528902?accountid=35812 Worlds most admired companies. (2011). Retrieved from http://fortune.com/worlds-most-admired-companies/apple-1/ Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in organizations (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson /Prentice Hall. Retrieved from: https://newclassroom3.phoenix.edu/Classroom/#/om3.phoenix.edu/Classroom/#/contextid/ (LDR/531)/ context/ cdg/ vie w/activityDetails/activity/270c6ef7-2f01-4c47-8c71-5ba7a9d19509/ expanded/False

Eulogy for Son :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Son Good morning. Joe and I thank you all for coming to celebrate our son Mark's life. About four months ago on February 21, 1999, Joe and I had one of our biggest dreams come true. God blessed us with a beautiful baby boy. We named him Mark Warren, after his two grandfathers--and two of the strongest men we know. By bringing the names together, Mark became the greatest little boy we know. A lot of people called him "Markie," including his big sister Madeleine. Together, Madeleine and Mark made us very happy. We had the family we always dreamed of and a home filled with warmth and love. We were devastated on March 25th when Mark was admitted to the hospital, where he stayed for nine weeks. It was the most difficult time in our lives, to know that our beautiful baby boy was so sick. After many tests and consultations with many doctors, we found out that Mark had a severe neurological condition that affected his brain and development. We quickly realized that Mark would not live the life we had dreamed of for him. Fortunately we have been blessed with a very loving, supportive family and thoughtful, caring friends to help us through this difficult time. It was also Mark's strength, courage, and love, together with our faith in God, that brought us comfort. Mark went through so much and hardly ever complained. He was a tough little guy with a brave heart and innocent soul. It was because of these qualities that Mark touched so many lives and spread love and comfort to all those who knew him. Mark has made Joe and I better people. Mark has made a huge impact on the world by using the gifts that God gave him, which is, after all, what we as parents want from our children. Ever since Joe can remember he has wanted a son. Anyone that knows Joe knows that he has a very special relationship with his dad. Joe was ecstatic when Mark was born. He was going to create a relationship with Mark similar to the one he shares with his own dad. He made plans for them to go fishing and play one-on-one basketball in the driveway. When that dream was taken from Joe, he felt lost. As time went on, Joe realized how truly special a father/son relationship can be, and how love can overcome obstacles and bring peace.

Revisiting the Juvenile Offenders in Adult Criminal Justice System

The statistics are striking. In 2002 alone, one in twelve murders in the U. S. involved a juvenile offender (Snyder and Sickmund p. 65). Half of high school seniors (51%) surveyed in 2003 said they had tried illicit drugs at least once (Snyder and Sickmund p. 75). About 9% of murders in the U. S. were committed by youth under 18 in 2000 and an estimated 1561 youth under the age of 18 were arrested for homicide in 2000 (Fox). Youth under 18 accounted for about 15% of violent crime arrests in 2001 (FBI).One national survey found that for every teen arrested, at least 10 were engaged in violence that could have seriously injured or killed another person. (US Dept. of Health and Human Services). The alarming numbers continue but leave a question mark on the propensity and effectiveness of existing US juvenile laws, pushing for an inclination towards adopting adult justice systems in youth offender cases. Yet, alongside these figures are far more alarming statistics. While juvenile crimes are persistent, it is also true that one of every four violent crime victims known to law enforcement is a juvenile (Snyder and Sickmund p.31). Suicide is the third leading cause of death among teenagers. In fact, 1921 young people ages 10 to 19 died by suicide in the United States in 2000 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). In fact, about 1 in 11 high-school students say they have made a suicide attempt in 1999(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention p. 6). And, officials have reported that of the more than 2,800 sexual violence allegations in juvenile facilities in 2004, 3 in 10 were substantiated (Snyder and Sickmund p. 230).A juvenile offender is one who is considered too young to be tried as an adult. Typically, the age at which a person can be tried as an adult varies among states, but ordinarily, it is the age of seventeen or eighteen, although this age can go down for certain serious offenses, such as homicide or sexual assault (Larson). When charged with a cri minal offense, a juvenile is sent to a juvenile court where he may either waive his right and be tried under adult criminal systems. Ideally and ordinarily, the focus is on what will rehabilitate the juvenile, rather than on punishment.For juvenile offenses, the juvenile are often said to have committed a â€Å"delinquent act,† as opposed to a â€Å"criminal offense. † (Larson). Although the juvenile court has broad discretion to tailor a sentence to the needs of a young offender this juveniles are still sentenced to prison. In fact, many states have large juvenile prisons and treatment facilities. The principle is that that the present criminal justice system believes that some juvenile offenders are very dangerous, despite their age, that incarceration seemed to be appropriate.While most of the policymakers and the press claim that an increase in the youth population shall also result in the rate of juvenile offenses, a lot of considerations need to be addressed. Jus tifications, as will be discussed later, however, boil down to one conclusion- when a juvenile commits an adult crime, he should not be required to face the consequences as an adult. In an effort to derive justifications why youth offenders should not be tried under adult criminal justice systems, several propositions are laid out below based on recent studies: 1.Youth are developmentally different from adults; 2. Incarcerating youth offenders in adult jails is dangerous to the juvenile offenders; 3. Youth incarceration in adult jails does not reduce crime rate; 4. Trying juvenile offenders and imposing death penalty to youth offenders is unconstitutional. These are discussed in detail in the following sections. Youth are developmentally different from adults The basic principle of equality of rights is commonly understood to mean that persons who are similarly situated shall be treated the same under the law.A close analysis of adult and youth offender profiles however suggests tha t adult and youth criminal offenders are not similarly situated so much so that existing adult justice systems should be liberally applied if not totally abolished as against juvenile offenders. Psychologists and lawyers have raised significant and recent studies in the juvenile brain in reconsidering the existing juvenile laws. An issue in point is whether a teenager who commits capital offenses can be executed or whether this would be cruel and unusual punishment, banned by the Constitution's eighth amendment.The point is, adolescents are not morally culpable as adults because their brains are not as capable of impulse control, decision-making, and reasoning as adult brains are. Psychologists say that this is because the brain's frontal lobe, which exercises restraint over impulsive behavior, â€Å"doesn't begin to mature until 17 years of age,† says neuroscientist Ruben Gur of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. â€Å"The very part of the brain that is judged by the legal system process comes on board late.† Other than this, adults behave differently not just because they have different brain structures, but because they use the structures in a different way ( Beckman ). Because of these social and biological reasons, an article in Times Magazine read, â€Å"teens have increased difficulty making mature decisions and understanding the consequences of their actions. † With much of these studies leaning towards the immediate fact that juveniles are not as mentally developed as the adult offenders, it is but proper that minors should never be tried as adults and should be spared the death penalty.Incarcerating youth offenders in adult jails is dangerous to the juvenile offenders It is a fact that despite a federal law preventing juveniles from adult jails existing for over three decades, 7,500 youth are in adult jails, according to a report released by the Campaign for Youth Justice. It must be reconsidered that rather than reh abilitating the youth offenders, incarcerating youth offenders in adult jails poses more danger to the juvenile. In fact, they are exposed to these dangers even before they’ve had their day in court (Campaign for Youth Justice).Incarceration exposes the youthful offender to sexual assault. Officials reported that of more than 2,800 sexual violence allegations in juvenile facilities in 2004, 3 in 10 were substantiated with girls more likely than boys to be sexually victimized (Snyder and Sickmund p. 229). In 2005, 21% of all substantiated victims of inmate-on-inmate sexual violence were under eighteen years old, even though youth make up less than 1% of the total jail population (Campaign for Youth Justice).Likewise, incarceration in adult are at greater risk of suicide than similar youth in theU. S. population (Snyder and Sickmund p. 229). In fact, youth have the highest suicide rates of all inmates in jails. â€Å"They are 36 times more likely to commit suicide in an adult jail than in a juvenile detention facility, and 19 times more likely to commit suicide in an adult jail than youth in the general population† (Campaign for Youth Justice). Finally, jailing juveniles in adult facilities are counterproductive and even increases their likelihood of reoffending.Based on studies, children who are prosecuted in adult court are more likely to be rearrested more often and more quickly for serious offenses(Campaign for Youth Justice). Youth incarceration in adult jails does not reduce crime rate While it is true that juvenile population in the US is increasing similarly to other segments of the population such that population projections indicate that the juvenile proportion of the U. S. population will hold constant through 2050 (Snyder and Sickmund p. 2), it is not true that this increase would also result in the increase in juvenile crime rate.In an analysis conducted based on official crime statistics of youth offenders in California from 1970 to 1 998, Macallair and Males said that â€Å"the popular claim that the rising teenage population means more crime and violence is a myth† (2000). According to them, the current crime trends among youths are indication of declining crime rates into the next century and suggest a reevaluation of current trends in youth crime policies and reexamination of popular assumptions based on these statistics. Death penalty to juvenile crimes is unconstitutionalThe truth of the matter is that all states in the US now allow certain juveniles to be tried in criminal court or otherwise face adult sanctions (Snyder and Sickmund p. 110). More over, the federal consititutionality of the American juvenile death penalty was a reasonably settled issue for the past 15 years. This is a serious matter that poses more danger to juvenile offenders in facing adult consequences. It is a good thing however, that the United States Supreme Court has now expressed a renewed interest in reconsidering this issue with state courts getting more involved as well. In Thompson v.Oklahoma, 487 U. S. 815 (1988), the United States Supreme Court held that â€Å"executions of offenders age 15 and younger at the time of their crimes are prohibited by the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution† (Death Penalty Information Center). In Simmons v. Roper, 112 S. W. 3d 397 (Mo. 2003), the Supreme Court of Missouri interpreted current national data to hold that the death penalty for juvenile offenders now violates the United States Constitution's prohibition against Cruel and Unusual Punishment. They however did not reach the issue under the Missouri State Constitution.Although a ruling on federal constitutionality, Simmons applies only in Missouri at this juncture. In the meantime, the two prevailing issues before the Supreme Court is whether the lower court can subsequently reinterpret and reject the standards under evolving standards of decency once the United States Supreme Court sets the Eighth Amendment Cruel and Unusual standard and whether death penalty for a 17-year-old offender is now Cruel and Unusual under the Eighth Amendment's evolving standard of decency (Death Penalty Information Center).In 2005, the U. S. Supreme Court (5-4) upheld the Missouri Supreme Court and banned the death penalty for juvenile offenders, Roper v. Simmons (2005). With this as precedence, it is but due time for states to also reconsider the adverse consequences of juvenile commitment in adult prisons. Conclusion With all the issues raised above, it is but appalling why juvenile offenders should be tried under adult criminal justice systems. It is but due time that existing state policies be revisited and amended to adjust to the need of youthful offenders.In the meantime, since the present state policies on juvenile offenders are already in place, it is only but fitting to reconsider some adjustments in existing policies if at least to address and prevent these dangers until such time that the federal and state systems are ready for the new, more effective and revitalized policies. In referring to the special circumstance of juvenile offenders, the following recommendations were given in an ABA Task Force Report in 2001:†¢ Since youth are developmentally different from adults, these developmental differences need to be taken into account at all stages and in all aspects of the adult criminal justice system. †¢ Pretrial release or detention decisions regarding youth awaiting trial in adult criminal court should reflect their special characteristics. †¢ If detained or incarcerated, youth in the adult criminal justice system should be housed in institutions or facilities separate from adult facilities until at least their eighteenth birthday.†¢ Youth detained or incarcerated in the adult criminal justice system should be provided programs which address their educational, treatment, health, mental health, and vocational needs. †¢ The ri ght to counsel in the adult criminal justice system should not be waived by a youth without consultation with a lawyer and without a full inquiry into the youth's comprehension of the right and capacity to make the choice intelligently, voluntarily and understandingly. If the right to counsel is voluntarily waived, stand-by counsel should always be appointed.†¢ Judges in the adult criminal justice system should consider the individual characteristics of the youth during sentencing. †¢ The collateral consequences normally attendant to the adult criminal justice process should not necessarily apply to all youth arrested for crimes committed before the age of eighteen. (ABA p. 2) In sum, trying youth offenders under the adult criminal justice system â€Å"is not safe, is not fair and does not work† (Youth for Justice p. 4) and should therefore be guarded against. Rather than considering the youth as vices of the community, they should be looked upon as needing of socie ty’s support.Works Cited Beckman, Mary. â€Å"Crime, Culpability and the Adolescent Brain. † Death Penalty Information Center. 30 July 2004. Science Magazine. 10 March 2008. . Fox, James Alan. , Zawitz, Marianne W. â€Å"Homicide Trends in the United States. † US Department of Justice. 2002. Northeastern University and Bureau of Justice Statistics. 11 March 2008. < http://www.ojp. usdoj. gov/bjs/homicide/homtrnd. htm>. Larson, Aaron. â€Å"Juvenile Offenders. † LawExperts. March 2000. 10 March 2008. . Snyder, Howard N. , and Sickmund, Melissa. â€Å"Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 2006 National Report. † Death Penalty Information Center. 2006. Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 11 March 2008 . Wallis, Claudia and Dell, Kristina.â€Å"What Makes Teens Tick; A flood of hormones, sure. But also a host of structural changes in the brain. Can those explain the behaviors that make adolescence so exciting–and so exasperating? † Death Penalty Information Center. 10 May 2004. Time Magazine. 10 March 2008. . â€Å"Youth in the Criminal Justice System: An ABA Task Force Report. † American Bar Association. February 2002. Criminal Justice Section. 9 March 2008. â€Å"Youth risk behavior surveillance – United States, 2001.† Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. In: CDC Surveillance Summaries. June 28, 2002. MMWR, 51(SS-4), p. 6. 10 March 2008. . â€Å"Youth Violence: A Report of the Surgeon General. Executive Summary. † U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2001. p. vii. Comparison of data from the Monitoring the Future Study from the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research and data from the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting program. 11 March 2008. < http://www. surgeongeneral. gov/library/youthviolence/summary. htm>.